30°55′04″N
29°41′47″E
/
30.91778°N 29.69639°E
/
30.91778; 29.69639
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(
????? 2023
)
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???? ???????
???????
????????
? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????
??????
? ????? ??
???? ?????? ??????
?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??
????
2008
????? 3945 ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??39 ???? ??
????
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??????? ????????
? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??
??????? ?????? ????? ?????
.
???????
[
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]
???????
[
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]
????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???
1953
[2]
??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ≪???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????≫ ??????? ???? 2 ?????
????? ??????
?? ????? 150 ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? 20 ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? 100 ?????
[3]
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???
1954?
[2]
??????? ?? ????? ????? 3 ?????? ??? ≪?????≫ ? ≪????≫ ?≪???????≫
[3]
?????? ?? ???
?????? ?? ??-3
????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? 865,000 ?????
[2]
(?? ????? 173,000 ????? ??????
[2]
)
?? ???? ??? 1954 ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????
??????
??????
? ?? ????? ?????
?????
??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??
????
?? ????? ??????
??????
?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
[3]
? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? 700,000 ?????
[2]
( 140,000 ????? ??????
[2]
) ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? 105,000 ?????
[2]
(21,000 ????? ??????
[2]
)
???? ??????? ???????? ??????
[
???
]
?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1955 ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? 50% ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? 200 ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? 50% ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???
1956
????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ≪????? ?????? ?????? ????????≫.
[4]
??????
[
???
]
?? ????? ???
1960
???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???
1962
???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ≪????? ??-4≫ ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????
??????????
????
????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???
1968
????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????
????? 707
???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? 707 ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ?? ???
1978
???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????
????? 747-200
? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???
???????
???????
. ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????
1980
?1981
????? ????? ?????? ?? ????
????? 727
? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????
?????? ??? 300
? ?????? ???
1986
???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????
????? 767
.
???????? ???????
[
???
]
?????
????? ??????? ??????
???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????
?????? ????????
?????? ?????
???? ?????? ??????
?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
[5]
? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???
???? ??????? ??????
???? ???? ????????. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????
????? 777
???????
[
???
]
??
??????
2007
?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? 35% ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? 40% ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? 20% ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? 5% ??????? ??? ????? ??????.
[6]
???????
[
???
]
???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? 46 ???? ??
????
?
??????
?
???????
??????? ????????
.
[7]
???????
[
???
]
????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? (??????? ?? ????? 2017?) ? ????? ????? ????? ???????? 20.6 ???.
[8]
????? ?????? ?????? ????????
????? ???????
[
???
]
???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? 10 ??????
?????? ??? 350
????? 60 ????? ????? ??????? ???????
[9]
?15 ?????
?????? ??? 320 ???
????? 15 ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? 12 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? 8 ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? 2014 ??? 2015? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? 2019 ??? 2022 ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????
[10]
? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? 25 ????? ????? ? 12 ????? ??????? ????? ???????
????? ?????
[11]
? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??
???? ????? ???????
???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ≪????????≫ ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????
[12]
? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???????
[13]
? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? 330/800???
?????? ??? ?????? 350.
???????? ????? ???????
[
???
]
???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??:
??????? ???????
[
???
]
???? ?????
[
???
]
???????
[
???
]
???????
[
???
]
- World Trade Information Service, part 1 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign Commerce, 1954
????? ??????
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