?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
????? ??????? ???????? ??????
?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
??
1 ??????
1972
???
13 ??????
1974
.
???? ??????? ????????
????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????
?????????
????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????
??????????
. ???
???? ??????? ????????
?? ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
(EPLF).
????? ???????
[
???
]
??
1952
, ?????
???????
??
???????
???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????
????????
??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????????
???? ??????
????????
. ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???
?????????
?????????
?? ?????
???? ??????? ????????
?? ??? ?? ????????
????????
????????
???
1960
? ??? ??????? ????
????????
?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??
1960
?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ????? ??
1960
??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????
?????????
?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????. ??????
?????????
?? ?????? ??? ?????
????????
??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????
???? ??????? ?????????
ELF ?? ???????? ??? ????
????? ???????
. ?? ????? ????? ELF ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????≪... ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????..≫.
????????? ???????? ????????
[
???
]
?? ??????? ?????? ???
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
?? ?????? ??????
???????
(EPLF) ????? ??
??? ????????? ??????????
???
???? ??????? ?????????
(ELF) ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???
?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????
??
1991
????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??
???????
?????? ?? ???????
????? ??????
?????? ???? ???
. ??
EPLF
??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? %30 ?? ????????? ?? ??????. ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
?????????
.
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
????? ??????? ?????????
????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????
?????? ??????? ????????? ???????
. ?? ??? ???? ?? 1980 ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????
???? ??????? ?????????
??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????. ?????
EPLF
?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????
????????
??
???????
. ????
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? 1977 ??????? ?? ?????? ??
??? ????????? ??????????
??? ???
1991
??? ???? ?? ?????
???????
??
24 ????
1991
???? ?? ??????? ?????
??? ????????
??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????????
???????
. ???? ???? ?????
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
?? ???? ??
1994
??
?????
. ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ???
?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????
(PFDJ) ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??
???????
.
???? ??????? ?????????
(ELF) ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ??
???????
???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??
???????
???? ?????? ?? 1960 ?1970. ?? ?????
1950
, ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???
?????
1960
, ?? ???? ??????? ??
???????
?? ???
????? ???? ???
??????? ????? ???????? ?????. ??
1961
?
???? ????? ?????
??? ?????? ??????? ??????
ELF
????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????. ??????
?????
???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????
?????????
?????? ??
1 ??????
1961
, ???????? ???????
??? ????????
??????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??
?????
????????
?????????
????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???
1960
. ??
1970
, ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????. ???
1980
?
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
??? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??
??? ????????? ?????????
. ??? ????? ???
ELF
?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????:
???? ??????? ????????? - ?????? ??????
? ??????
???? ????
?
???? ??????? ????????? - ??????? ????????
???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???
1987
??
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????
??? ???? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????? (??
???? ??????? ?????????
????????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? "
??? ???????? ?????????
??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????
?????? ??????? ????????? ???????
.
?????
[
???
]
????
????? ???????
?????? ????? ??? ELF ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????
??????? ??????? ?????? ???????
???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ELF. ??? ?????? ??
??????
???? 1972 ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????
????? ??????
. ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ???
1974
???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???
???????
.
???? ????
[
???
]
?????
[
???
]
1. ↑ Cousin, Tracey L. "Eritrean and Ethiopian Civil War". ICE Case Studies. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
2. ↑ "Liquidation of Counter-Revolution". The Eritrean Struggle (3): 8. 1973. 1 2 Pool, David (2001-12-01). From Guerrillas to Government: The Eritrean People's Liberation Front. Ohio University Press.
ISBN 0-8214-1387-2
.
3. ↑ Harris, Paul. "Eritrea: A Small War in Africa". Combat & Survival 10 (7): October 1998. 1 2 Killion, Tom (1998). Historical Dictionary of Eritrea. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow.
ISBN 0-8108-3437-5
.
4. ↑ Connell, Dan. Historical Dictionary of Eritrea.
5. ↑"Eritrea?Hope For Africa’s Future". Kurdistan Report 9 (10): 1996.
