????? ??????? ??????????

????? ??????? ??????????
??????? ????
???????	21 ?????? 1993 ? 15 ????? 2006 ; ( 12 ???? ?5 ????? ?25 ????? )
?????	???????
??????	??????? ; ??????? ??????? ??????????? (?? 1998)
???????	????? ?????? ???? ?? 2005 ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ; ???????? ?????? ??? 2005 ;
??????????
????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ; ???? ?????? (?? 1997) ; ???? ??: ; ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ; ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ;	???????? ?????? : ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ; ???? ??????? ??????? ; ???? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ; ???? ??????? ?????? ; ???????? ???????
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? 1993 ?????? ??? 2006. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? . ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? 1962? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? 2005. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? 300.000 ????. ^[1]

????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? . ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????: ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ????. ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????.

??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? 1960? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????-??????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ??? ????????? ?? 1962? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????. ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????.

???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? 27 ????? 1993. ???? ??? ?????????? 25 ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? 1966 ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????. ?? 1972? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????. ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? 100.000 ????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????.

??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? 1987 ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????.

????? [ ??? ]

?? 21 ?????? 1993? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ??? ????????? ???????. ????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? 50.000 ??? 100.000 ??? ???? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? 1996 ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? "????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? 1993. ^[2] ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????. ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????.

?????? ?????????? [ ??? ]

?? 1994? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? . ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? 4 ????? ?? 8 ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????.

??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? 1996? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? . ??? ????????? ?????? ????? 300 ??? ?? ??????? ?? 20 ????? 1996? ^[3] ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? 126 ?? ???????? ?????? ?? 5 ????? 1997. ^[4] ?? ??? 1998? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????. ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? 15 ????? 1998. ^[5]

??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????. ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? 2000? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? . ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? 18 ???? ??? ?????? ????????. ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? 30 ?????? 2000. ^[6] ??? 20 ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? 28 ?????? 2000? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? .

?? 18 ????? 2001? ???? ?????? ?????? . ^[7] ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? 2001. ????? 300 ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? 9 ?????? 2001. ^[8] ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? 500 ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? 25 ?????? 2001. ^[9]

???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ?? 9 ?????? 2002? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?????.

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? 9 ????? 2003? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ?? 18 ?????? 2003? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??: 1483 ???? ??????? 820 ??????? ? 232 ???? ?? ??????? . ^[10]

?? ????? 2003? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? 300 ???? ? 15.000 ????. ^[11] ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? 2003. ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????. ?? 29 ?????? 2003? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ??? 2004 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ????????? ?? ???? 160 ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? "???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????. ^[12] ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????.

??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 2005? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? 2005 ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? 1994. ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? 2004? ^[13] ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ≪???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????≫. ^[14] ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????.

??? 12 ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? 15 ????? 2006? ????? ?????? ??? 1993? ??????? ????? ???????. ^[15] ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????.

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ≪???? 12 ??? ?? ????? ???????≫.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? .

????? [ ??? ]

^ "Heavy shelling in Burundi capital" . BBC News . 18 ????? 2008. ???? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2018-02-16 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Part V: Recommendations - II. Genocide" (PDF). International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi . ???? ???? ?????? 29-06-2009. "???? ??????" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-07-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-05 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
^ "Archived copy" . ???? ?? the original ?? 02-06-2010. ???? ???? ?????? 02-01-2009. ???? ?????? 2016-03-03 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Burundi Army Admits It Killed 126 Hutu Refugees" . The New York Times . 12 ????? 1997. ???? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2020-02-10 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "IRIN Update 437 for 13-15 June 98.6.15" . ???? ???? ?????? 1 ?????? 2014. ???? ?????? 2016-03-04 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Burundi peace talks close with little progress" . CNN. 30 ?????? 2000. ???? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2012-09-30 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Burundi coup attempt falters, army says" . CNN . 18 ????? 2001. ???? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2008-04-12 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "300 boys kidnapped in Burundi" . CNN. 9 ?????? 2001. ???? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2007-09-02 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Burundi army 'kills 500 rebels'" . BBC News . 25 ?????? 2001. Retrieved 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2018-02-07 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Helmoed-Romer Heitman, 'Burundi mission at full strength,' Jane's Defence Weekly, 29 ?????? 2003, 16
^ "Archived copy" . ???? ?? ????? ?? 15-11-2005. ???? ???? ?????? 02-01-2009. ???? ?????? 2005-11-15 ?? Wayback Machine "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2005-11-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-07 .
^ "U.N. Demands Justice After Massacre of 150 Refugees in Burundi" . The New York Times . 16-08-2004. ???? ???? ?????? 29-06-2009. ???? ?????? 2018-02-08 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Burundi peace poll postponed" . BBC News. 15-10-2004. ???? ???? ?????? 29-06-2009. ???? ?????? 2018-02-08 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Burundi Civil War" . Global Security. 11-7-2011. ???? ???? ?????? 21-10-2012. ???? ?????? 2017-12-29 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Lacey, Marc (15 ????? 2006). "Burundi: Curfew Lifted After 13 Years" . The New York Times . ???? ???? ?????? 25 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2018-03-23 ?? Wayback Machine

????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] "Heavy shelling in Burundi capital" . BBC News . 18 ????? 2008. ???? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2018-02-16 ?? Wayback Machine

[2] "Part V: Recommendations - II. Genocide" (PDF). International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi . ???? ???? ?????? 29-06-2009. "???? ??????" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-07-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-05 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

[3] "Archived copy" . ???? ?? the original ?? 02-06-2010. ???? ???? ?????? 02-01-2009. ???? ?????? 2016-03-03 ?? Wayback Machine

[4] "Burundi Army Admits It Killed 126 Hutu Refugees" . The New York Times . 12 ????? 1997. ???? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2020-02-10 ?? Wayback Machine

[5] "IRIN Update 437 for 13-15 June 98.6.15" . ???? ???? ?????? 1 ?????? 2014. ???? ?????? 2016-03-04 ?? Wayback Machine

[6] "Burundi peace talks close with little progress" . CNN. 30 ?????? 2000. ???? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2012-09-30 ?? Wayback Machine

[7] "Burundi coup attempt falters, army says" . CNN . 18 ????? 2001. ???? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2008-04-12 ?? Wayback Machine

[8] "300 boys kidnapped in Burundi" . CNN. 9 ?????? 2001. ???? ???? ?????? 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2007-09-02 ?? Wayback Machine

[9] "Burundi army 'kills 500 rebels'" . BBC News . 25 ?????? 2001. Retrieved 27 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2018-02-07 ?? Wayback Machine

[10] Helmoed-Romer Heitman, 'Burundi mission at full strength,' Jane's Defence Weekly, 29 ?????? 2003, 16

[11] "Archived copy" . ???? ?? ????? ?? 15-11-2005. ???? ???? ?????? 02-01-2009. ???? ?????? 2005-11-15 ?? Wayback Machine "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2005-11-15 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-02-07 .

[12] "U.N. Demands Justice After Massacre of 150 Refugees in Burundi" . The New York Times . 16-08-2004. ???? ???? ?????? 29-06-2009. ???? ?????? 2018-02-08 ?? Wayback Machine

[13] "Burundi peace poll postponed" . BBC News. 15-10-2004. ???? ???? ?????? 29-06-2009. ???? ?????? 2018-02-08 ?? Wayback Machine

[14] "Burundi Civil War" . Global Security. 11-7-2011. ???? ???? ?????? 21-10-2012. ???? ?????? 2017-12-29 ?? Wayback Machine

[15] Lacey, Marc (15 ????? 2006). "Burundi: Curfew Lifted After 13 Years" . The New York Times . ???? ???? ?????? 25 ????? 2010. ???? ?????? 2018-03-23 ?? Wayback Machine

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? ? ? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????
???? ???????	????? ??????? ????????? (1991?2002) ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? (2002?????) ?????? ??????? [2011?????] ????? ??????? [2011] ????? ???????? [2011?14] ????? ??????? [2014?????] ?????? ???????? (2010?11) ???? ??????? ??????? (1970?????) ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? [2011?14] ???? 2011 ???? ????? [2011?????] ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? [2013?14] ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? [1983?2005] ????? ?? ?????? [2003?????] ???????? [2009?????] ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? [2011?????] ???? ????? [2012] ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????
??? ???????	??? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? 1989?96 1999?2003 ?????? ??????? ??????? 2002?07 2010?11 ?????? ?? ??????? (1998-????) ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? (2004?????) ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? 2013 ?????? ????????? ???????? 2016?2017 ?????? ??????? ?? ??????
??? ???????	???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? (1993?94) ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? [1999?2007] ???? ????? [2009] ???? ?????? [2009-????] ???? ???? [2004?????] ???? 23 ???? Kamwina Nsapu rebellion The Pool War ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? [2004?07] ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? (2012?2014) ???? ??? ???? ???????? (1987?????) ???? ???? ????
??? ???????	????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? (1991?94) ????? ????????? ????????? Eritrean?Ethiopian border conflict (2000-present) ????? ??????? ?????????? (1993?2005) ?????????? ?????????? (2015?2018) ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? (2006?2009) ????? ?? ??????? (2009?????) ?????? ??????? 2007-2008 ???? ???? ??????? [2011?????] Sudanese nomadic conflicts Ethnic violence ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? Insurgency in the Ogaden (1995-present) Second Afar Insurgency (1995-present) Lord's Resistance Army insurgency (1987?present) ADF insurgency (1996-present)
??????? ????????	Bophuthatswana crisis (1994) Caprivian conflict (1994-99) ????? ????? RENAMO insurgency (2013?present)
?????? ??????	????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????