?????? ?????

?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? 1877 (????? ???? ??????? ) ??? 1964 (????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? 1964). ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? . ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????.

???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? 1904 (???????? ??? ?? ??????)

????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???. ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????. ^[1]

????? ????????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? 1876 ??? 1948 ? ???????? ??? 1928 ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????????. ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? . ?????? ?? 1948 ? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????. ?? 1968 ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? 1994 . ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? 2010 ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? . ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????.

?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????: ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? . ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???-?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? 1872? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ????????. ^[2] ???? ????????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????. ?? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? 1908? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????. ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????.

??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???. ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? 277 ?? ????? 445,928 ????. ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? 32,809 ?? ????? 250,249 ????. ?? 1904 ? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? 2000 . ???? ???????? 1920 ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? . ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? . ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? 1924 . ?? ??? 1928 ? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??? ???? ???????: ?????? ??????? ??????? . ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? . ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? 1932 .

??? ?????? ≪????≫ ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? 1948 ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? . ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? 1948 ? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? . ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? 1952 ?1956 ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? 1956 ? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? 1876 . ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????????. ???? ???????? 1948 ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????.

?? ???????? ??? 1960 ? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? (?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ). ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? 1960 ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?????? (???? ??????? ??????? ?????) ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????????. ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? .

???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ???????? 1960 ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? . ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? .

?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? 1964 . ?????? ??????????? ?????? (???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ) ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? 19464 ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ≪????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????≫. ^[3] ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? 1964 ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????. (??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? 1957 ?1960 ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? . ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????).

????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? . ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? : ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? . ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? 1960? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????. ??? ??? 1956? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????.

≪???????????? ????????≫: ????? ?????? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? 1968 ??????? ?? ????? ≪???????????? ????????≫. ??? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? . ??? ?? ????? ??? ????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????.

??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? 1972? ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? (???? ????? ?????) ????????? 1976 ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? 1980 ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ??? 1976 ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? 1984 ?1988.

??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????: ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? . ^[4]

?? 1992 ?1996? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ( ??? ?????? ??? ??? )? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? . ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? 1992 ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? 1996 . ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? 1992 ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? 1996 . ??? ?? ???????? ??? 2000 ? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??? 2004 ? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? .

?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? . ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? 1992 ?1996 ?2004 ?2008 ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????????? .

≪???????????? ????????≫ ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????? (????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????????). ??? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????. ????? ?????????? ???????? 2010 ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? . ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????????. ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????. ??? ?? ??????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? 8 ??? 15 ?? ??? 35 ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? 28 ??? 44 ?? ??? 100 ????. ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ≪???????????? ????????≫ ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????.

????? [ ??? ]

^ Connie Rice: Top 10 Election Myths to Get Rid Of : NPR The situation in Louisiana was an example--see ????? ???. ????? , Regular Democratic Organization#Reconstruction & aftermath , and the note to Murphy J. Foster (who served as governor of Louisiana from 1892 to 1900). "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-10-27 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
^ Herbert, Hilary, Why the Solid South? , R.H. Woodward & Co., Baltimore, 1890, pgs. 258-284.
^ Second Thoughts: Reflections on the Great Society New Perspectives Quarterly, Winter 1987 ???? ?????? 17 ?????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .
^ Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1977, ISBN 0-8139-0726-8 and ISBN 978-0-8139-0726-0 .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????? ?????

[1] Connie Rice: Top 10 Election Myths to Get Rid Of : NPR The situation in Louisiana was an example--see ????? ???. ????? , Regular Democratic Organization#Reconstruction & aftermath , and the note to Murphy J. Foster (who served as governor of Louisiana from 1892 to 1900). "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-01-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2012-10-27 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

[2] Herbert, Hilary, Why the Solid South? , R.H. Woodward & Co., Baltimore, 1890, pgs. 258-284.

[3] Second Thoughts: Reflections on the Great Society New Perspectives Quarterly, Winter 1987 ???? ?????? 17 ?????? 2016 ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? .

[4] Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1977, ISBN 0-8139-0726-8 and ISBN 978-0-8139-0726-0 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]