한국   대만   중국   일본 
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???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? (??????): ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????: ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????: ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????.

???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? 70% ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? 38%? ????? ???? ????? 71 ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? 45% ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ? 18% ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ???? 13,8 % ?????? ??? ????? ??????. [1]

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???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ????? 13 ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ? ?? ? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? 40 ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? . [2]

??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? 1895 ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? (??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ).

??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? 1925? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? . ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????.

?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? 1937 ????? ??? (?????? ??? ??????) ??? 1956.

??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? 1970?. ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? 1990?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????.

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? 2002? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ????????? [3] ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????. [4]

????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? 73 ??? 87% ?????? ??? 28 ??? 63% ?????? ??? ???? 1991 ?2004. [5] ????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????.

????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????.

????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? 1962 ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1990. ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? 26 ?????? 1962 ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????.

???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1967 ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????. ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????. [6]

????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? 6-3-3 (6 ????? ??????? ?????????? ?3 ????? ????????? ?3 ????? ???????). ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? 8-4 (8 ????? ??????? ??????? ?4 ????? ??????? ???????). ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????.

???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? 1990? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? 9-3 (9 ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?3 ????? ?? ??????? ???????). ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? 11 ?12. [7] ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????. ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? 2014 ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? 2.4 ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????. [8]

???? ??????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?15% ???????? ???????? ?? ??? 2005. [9]

????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????. ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????. ??? 250 ??? ???? ?? ??? 1970? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? 4.3 ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? 1996 ?2004? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? 324 ??? ???? ??? 595 ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? 104 ???? ???? ??? 201 ???.

?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????.

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????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? 2013

????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? 9 ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2003 ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 95% ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? 6-14 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????. [10] ????? ??????? ???????

?????? ????? ??????? ???????

??? ??? 1997? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? (?????? ????? ??????? ???????) ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? 60 ????? ????? ??????. ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????. ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ???????.

????? ????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ?????/?? 2000? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????/?????? 2004. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? (?????? 1-9)? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????? (????? ?????? ?????????) ?????? 1-9. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? (????? ????? ??????? ???????) 120 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????/????? ?????? 2006? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? EKN ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????.

?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? 2002? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? 50% ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????. ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???: ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? 95% ????? ??? 2015? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????????. ????? ???? 400 ?? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????. ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????.....???????? ??? ??????? ?????????.

????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ??? 2004? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????.

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??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????/?????? 2002? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????: ?????? ?????? ??????. (EFA:FTI). ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????/????? 2002 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? 2015. ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????/????? ????? 2002 ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? 2003. ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????. ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????.????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????. ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????.

????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? 17.2% ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 2003 ?16.97% ?? ??? 2004 ??? ?? ????? ??? 4.5% ?? ?????? ?????? ??????.

???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 9930 ????? ?? ??? 2000 ??? 10293 ????? ?? 2002 ?10684 ????? ?? ??? 2004. ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? 97462 ???? ?? ??? 2003 ??? 98329 ???? ?? 2004. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ??? ??????? 106169 ???? ?? 1272 ?????. ??? ??? 2004? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? 248244 ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????.

?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? (?????? 6-14 ????) ??? 72% ?????? ?42% ?????? ?? ??? 1999. ??? ??? 2004? ??? ???? ???????? ??? 87% ?????? ?63% ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? (36%) ?? ????? 10-14 ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? 58% ?? ??????? ??? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? 100 ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 25% ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????. [11]

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ????? ???????? 1999-2000? ??? ???? 439129 ?????? ?324493 ????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? 180 ????? ?? ?????? ?????? 21% ?? ???????? (13% ?? ??????? ??????? ?47% ?? ??????? ???????) ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ?27% ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? 11 ?12. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????. ?? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???????. ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? 15 ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ??? 6000-7000 ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????.

???? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? 45.6 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2005 ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? 73.4 ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? 2006? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? 60.4% ?????? ?55.7% ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? 17 ???? ????? ?????? ?25.9 ???? ????? ??????. ??? ?????/???? 2007? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????. [12] [13]

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? 1972 ?????? ??? ??? 1975. ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? 20 ????? ??? 156 ???? ?584 ????? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2003/2004?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? (7) ?????? ??? (99) ???? ????? ??? (41) ???? ??????? ? (58) ???? ???????? ??????? ??? (52) ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? (196) ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? (50) ????? ????? ????? (250) ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? 35 ??? ???? ??? 1990 ???? ??? 2007 ??? (233903) ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? (5) ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? 16% ??? 1990 ??? (28.5)% ??? 2007?. ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? 1993 ??? ??? 17.5% ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? 2006/2007?. ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? 2006-2007? 188343 ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? 45560 ???? ?????? ???? ?????.

????? ??????? ??????? ?? 4 ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? 5 ?6 ????? ??? ???????. ????? 7 ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? (??????) ?5 ?????? ????? ??????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? 174 ????? ?? ??? 2005/2006 ???? 12 ????? ?? ???????? ??????? (2005/2006). [14]

?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????. ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? 10 ?? ??????.

??? ??? 2001? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? 300-400 ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? 2006 ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. [15]

????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? 2006/2007? (22794) ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? (34.6%) ???? ???? ????? (23329) ?????? ?????? ??? 2003/2004? ???? ?? ????? (33.6%) ????.

??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????
????? ????? [9] ????? ??????? ?????? 1971
????? ??? [10] ??? ?????? 1970
????? ?????? [11] ?????? ?????? 1996
????? ??? [12] ??? ?????? 1993
????? ???? [13] ???? ?????? 1996
????? ??????? [14] ??????? ?????? 1996
????? ?? [15] ?? ?????? 1996
????? ?????? ???????????? [16] ????? ??????? ????? 1994
????? ??????? [17] ?????? ????? 1995
????? ???????? [18] ????? ??????? ????? 2004
????? ??????? [19] ????? ??????? ????? 1994
????? ??? [20] ????? ??????? ????? 1994 [16]
????? ?????? ???? [21] ????? ??????? ?????
????? ????? ????????? ????? [22] ????? ??????? ????? 2008
??????? ??????? [23] ????? ??????? ????? 1994
????? ????? [24] ????? ??????? ????? 2008
??????? ????????? ??????? [25] ????? ??????? ????? 2007
????? ?????? ??????? [26] ????? ??????? ????? 2004

??????? ????? ???????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? 200 ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????. ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? [17]

???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????. [18]

???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????:

  • ???? ?????? ?????? - ?????
  • ?????? ?????? ??????? (??????? ???????? ???????? ?????) - ????? ???????
  • ?????? ?????? ?????? - ???
  • ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? - ???
  • ?????? ?????? ???????/?????? - ???

?????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????. ??? ??? 1999? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? 18.7 ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????. ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? 1999? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? 2006 ?? ??? 16.5% ?? ????? ???????. [19] [20]

??? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? 2009? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????. [21]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????. ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????. [22] ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???????. [23]

??????? ???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 2007 ??? 40.5 ?? ?????? ?????? ?77 ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? 15 ??? ???? 49 ?? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? 37.1 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1994 ??? 58.9 ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2007. ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? 60 ?? ??????. [24]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ^ ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? 8 ?????? 2013 ???? ?????? 2013-10-16 ?? Wayback Machine
  2. ^ ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?.?. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? 3003-2004.
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  4. ^ "????? ??? (45) ????1992? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????" . yemen-nic.info . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-05-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2021-06-05 .
  5. ^ "[ http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20394806~menuPK:1192714~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419~isCURL:Y,00.html ]"?The World Bank Group GenderStats database of Gender Statistics ???? ?????? 2010-04-13 ?? Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "[ http://www.al-bab.com/bys/articles/noman95.htm ]"?lThe Biritish-Yemeni Society Education of girls in Yemen ?2002}} [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 2015-03-08 ?? Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "The World Bank 2008."Secondary Education Development And Girls Access Project."Project Appraisal Document.pp1" (PDF) . 2008. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2016-03-03.
  8. ^ ?????? ??????: ???? ????? ??? (4 ????? 2023). "??????? ?? ?????: ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????" . Yemenwatcher . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-11-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-11-14 .
  9. ^ "[The World Bank 2008 EdStats database]"
  10. ^ " [2] "?Republic of Yemen, Ministry of Education Report 2008.” The Development of Education in the Republic of Yemen?2008 ???? ?????? 2017-10-12 ?? Wayback Machine
  11. ^ "The World Bank 2008."Secondary Education Development And Girls Access Project."Project Appraisal Document.pp2" (PDF) . 2008. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2016-03-03.
  12. ^ "[Republic of Yemen, Ministry of Public Health and Population]"? Yemen Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006.pp110?The World Bank Secondary Education Development And Girls Access Project.”Project Appraisal Document.pp2?2008
  13. ^ "[ http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/02/28/000333038_20080228234736/Rendered/PDF/417730PAD0P0891ly10IDA1R20081003611.pdf ]"?The World Bank 2008.”Secondary Education Development And Girls Access Project.”Project Appraisal Document.pp1.Reference point 5?2008 "???? ??????" (PDF) . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-03-22 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  14. ^ "[Higher Education Project II.Project Information Document]"? 2008
  15. ^ "[ Republic of Yemen, Ministry of Public Health and Population. Yemen Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2006.pp110The World Bank 2008.”Secondary Education Development And Girls Access Project.”Project Appraisal Document.pp9]"? 2008
  16. ^ [3] [ ???? ?????? ] ???? ?????? 2012-03-08 ?? Wayback Machine
  17. ^ " [4] "?The World Bank. The Road Not Traveled: Education Reform in the Middle East and North Africa?2008}} "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-03-23 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  18. ^ " [5] "? World Bank 2007.”Second Vocational Training Project.”Project Information Document?2007 ???? ?????? 2016-03-03 ?? Wayback Machine
  19. ^ "[World Bank 2008.“Yemen Development Policy Review.”pp.9]"?2008
  20. ^ " [6] "? World Bank 2009.Yemen Brief?2009}} "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-10-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2010-03-23 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  21. ^ "[World Bank 2009.Yemen Brief]"
  22. ^ " [7] "?ASSESSMENT OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT, YEMEN FINAL REPORT?2005 ???? ?????? 2017-10-04 ?? Wayback Machine "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-26 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-04-14 . {{ ??????? ??? }} : ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )
  23. ^ " [8] "?Overview of the Situation of Children,Women and ECD in Yemen. Early Childhood Development Virtual University (ECDVU) ?2003 ???? ?????? 2017-10-17 ?? Wayback Machine
  24. ^ "[UNESCO Institute of Statistics]"?2008
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