?????????? ??????

?????????? ??????
( ???????? : 朱? )?
??????? ?????
???????	2 ???? 1360 ; ???????
??????	12 ????? 1424 (64 ???) ; ??????? ????????
??? ??????	???? ??????
??????	????? ???? ??????? ; ????? ???? ???????
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	?? ?????? ; 1370 ? ????? 1402
???????? ?????
	?? ?????? ; ????? 1402 ? 12 ????? 1424
??	????? ???? ???????
	?????????? ???????
?????? ???????
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?????? ????????
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	????? ????? - ?????

??? ?????????? ?????? (Yongle Emperor) (??? ????? ??????? ????????? : 永樂帝? ??????? ??????? : 永?帝? ????? ????? ?????? : (pinyin) ???? ???????? (Y?ngledi)? ????????? ???? ???-????: (Wade-Giles) ???? ????-?? ?? (Yung-lo ti)?) (??????? ?? 2 ?? ???? 1360? ? ???????? ?? 12 ?? ????? 1424? )? (????? ??????: ?? ?? Zhu Di)(朱?)? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? 1402? ???? 1424? . ^[5]^[6]^[7] ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ≪??????? ???????≫.

??? ??? ???? ??? (燕王)? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? . ?? ???? ??????? ???????? (Chengzu) ???? ???? (明成祖 ?????? ????? Cheng Zu ?? Ch'eng Tsu ( Cheng Tsu ) ?? ???? ???-????) ??? ?? ???? ??????????. ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? (Hongwu Emperor).

?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? (Nanjing) ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? 1406? ???? ??? 1420? . ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? (Zheng He) ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? (Zhu Yuanzhang) ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????.

???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? 45.7 ??? (150 ?????) ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????. ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? .

???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? (長陵? ≪???? ???? ????????≫)? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????.

????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ?? ( ???????? : 朱?) ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? (1332-1385) ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??????. ^[8]

?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? Beiping ( ???? ???????)? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1370? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? . ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? 10 ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? 1380? ??? ??? ?? ?? 16 ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? 14 ?????. ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????. ^[8]

??????? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? 1392 ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????.

?????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ?? 24 ????? ??? 1398? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????.

???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? 1399?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????. ????? ??????? ?? 13 ?? ???? ??? 1402 ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? 17 ????? 1402 ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????. ^[9]

???????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? 1402 ???? ????? ??? 1424? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ??.

?????: ????? ?????? ??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? . ^[10]? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ? ???????????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???. ^[11]

??????: ????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???. ^[12]

???????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????:

??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? (??????? ??????? ??????????)? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1407? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? 14 ????. ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????. ^[13]^[14]

?????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? 1411 - 1415 ?? ??? ?????????? ?????. ????? ????? ???????? ?????? 1 ?776 ???????? (1104) ???)? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 42? (138 ????)? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? 960 - 1279 ? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????. ^[15]

??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? 6000 ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? 1316 ????. ^[14]^[16]

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?????????? ?????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? Shih-shan Henry Tsai. "2". Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle (???????????). University of Washington Press . p. 20. ISBN : 978-0-295-98109-3 . OL : 9563219M . QID : Q17441125 .
^ Encyclopædia Britannica | Yongle (???????????), QID : Q5375741
^ ^? ^? Shih-shan Henry Tsai. "1". Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle (???????????). University of Washington Press . p. 3. ISBN : 978-0-295-98109-3 . OL : 9563219M . QID : Q17441125 .
^ Encyclopædia Britannica (???????????), QID : Q5375741
^ Legitimating Usurpation: Historical Revisions under the Ming Yongle Emperor (r. 1402 ? 1424) ". The Legitimation of New Orders: Case Studies in World History . Chinese University Press, 2007. ( ???? 9789629962395 ). Accessed 12 Oct 2012. ???? ?????? 2014-12-17 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Finlay? Robert (2010). The Pilgrim Art: Cultures of Porcelain in World History (?. illustrated). University of California Press. ?. Volume 11 of California World History Library. ?. 226. ISBN : 0520945387 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-04-24 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: |??????= ???? ????? ?????? ( ?????? )
^ "Jiao-zhi" "Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource" . Geoff Wade, translator. Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore. ?. 1014. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-06 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ( link )
^ ^? ^? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????- ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? 2021-01-05 ?? Wayback Machine
^ ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????-?.??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? 2021-01-05 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Ernst Faber, chronoligical handbook of the history of china protestant missionary society of Germany, 1902,p196.
^ ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? -?.??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? 2021-01-05 ?? Wayback Machine
^ 他利用科?制及?修?籍等??地主、士人，宣?儒家思想以改?明初?事佛、道?之????官吏力求因才而用 ???政治、??、?事、文化等方面的?展奠定了思想和??基?。
^ ??? ?? ??. ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? . ?. 4. ?. 34.
^ ^? ^? ??? ?? ???? ??????? (2020). ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? . ??????? ??????. ?. 67. ISBN : 9786140218284 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-01-25.
^ Robinson? Richard? Needham? Joseph (1955). "Science and Civilization in China" . Phoenix . ?. 9 ?. 4: 191. DOI : 10.2307/1086351 . ISSN : 0031-8299 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-01-25.
^ ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? (?????? ????? ??? ??? 1544?)

????? ??? ??????? ????? ????. ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? .

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????????? ??????

[wikidata-bfb7de36a777f0e522e4a8aea9ff0bdd26e8e214-1] ? ^? Shih-shan Henry Tsai. "2". Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle (???????????). University of Washington Press . p. 20. ISBN : 978-0-295-98109-3 . OL : 9563219M . QID : Q17441125 .

[wikidata-dbe153aabc634e3bf6289b78650d2159639cbe06-2] Encyclopædia Britannica | Yongle (???????????), QID : Q5375741

[wikidata-a3f86089a51354f9c2fdbd9b08a3023a2d861f90-3] ? ^? Shih-shan Henry Tsai. "1". Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle (???????????). University of Washington Press . p. 3. ISBN : 978-0-295-98109-3 . OL : 9563219M . QID : Q17441125 .

[wikidata-355b56329b78db22be549dec34f2570ca61ca056-4] Encyclopædia Britannica (???????????), QID : Q5375741

[5] Legitimating Usurpation: Historical Revisions under the Ming Yongle Emperor (r. 1402 ? 1424) ". The Legitimation of New Orders: Case Studies in World History . Chinese University Press, 2007. ( ???? 9789629962395 ). Accessed 12 Oct 2012. ???? ?????? 2014-12-17 ?? Wayback Machine

[6] Finlay? Robert (2010). The Pilgrim Art: Cultures of Porcelain in World History (?. illustrated). University of California Press. ?. Volume 11 of California World History Library. ?. 226. ISBN : 0520945387 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-07-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-04-24 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: |??????= ???? ????? ?????? ( ?????? )

[7] "Jiao-zhi" "Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource" . Geoff Wade, translator. Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore. ?. 1014. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-27 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-07-06 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ( link )

[مولد_تلقائيا1-8] ? ^? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????- ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? 2021-01-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[9] ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????-?.??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? 2021-01-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[10] Ernst Faber, chronoligical handbook of the history of china protestant missionary society of Germany, 1902,p196.

[11] ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? -?.??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? 2021-01-05 ?? Wayback Machine

[12] 他利用科?制及?修?籍等??地主、士人，宣?儒家思想以改?明初?事佛、道?之????官吏力求因才而用 ???政治、??、?事、文化等方面的?展奠定了思想和??基?。

[13] ??? ?? ??. ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? . ?. 4. ?. 34.

[:0-14] ? ^? ??? ?? ???? ??????? (2020). ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? . ??????? ??????. ?. 67. ISBN : 9786140218284 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-01-25.

[15] Robinson? Richard? Needham? Joseph (1955). "Science and Civilization in China" . Phoenix . ?. 9 ?. 4: 191. DOI : 10.2307/1086351 . ISSN : 0031-8299 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-01-25.

[16] ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? (?????? ????? ??? ??? 1544?)

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