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?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????. ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???????.
[1]
[2]
????? ??????? ?? ??? ??
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? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????.
????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????
???? ??? ????? ???????
????? ?? ??? 2011.
[3]
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????? ?????????? ????????
????????
???????? ?? ???? ??????? (????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? 1,000 ????? ??????) ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 20 ????? ??? ???? 1975 ?1995. ???? ???? ??????? (????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? 1,000 ????? ??) ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 40 ?44 ?????. ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? (?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 20 ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 20 ?24 ?????)? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? 1955. ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? 25 ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? 18% ??? ???? 1976 ?1980 ??????? ??? 30% ??? ???? 1991 ?1995. ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 40 ?44 ?????.
[4]
??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? 1995 ??? 343,024 ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? 49% ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 1975. ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? 22 ???? ??? 1,000 ????? ?? ??? 1975 ??? 11 ???? ??? 1,000 ????? ?? ??? 1995? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? 325 ???? ????? ??? 1,000 ????? ?? ?? ??? 1975 ??? 289 ???? ????? ??? 1,000 ????? ?? ?? ??? 1995. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? 99% ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? 1975 ?1995.
[4]
?? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????
????? ?????
(?????? 1991)? ????? ??
?????? ??????????
???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??
??????? ?????????
?????????
.
???? ?????
[
???
]
?????
[
???
]
- ^
Norgren, Tiana.
Abortion before Birth Control: The Politics of Reproduction in Postwar Japan
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.
- ^
Obayashi, M. (1982). Historical background of the acceptance of induced abortion. Josanpu Zasshi 36(12), 1011-6. Retrieved April 12, 2006.
- ^
“Sosei Receives Approval From Japan MHLW for NorLevo(R) TABLETS 0.75mg Emergency Contraceptive Pill”, Sosei Group Corporation press release, 23 February 2011
???? ??????
2019-02-22 ??
Wayback Machine
- ^
?
?
Goto, A., Fujiyama-Koriyama, C., Fukao, A., & Reich, M. "Abortion Trends in Japan, 1975?95".
Studies in Family Planning
, Vol. 31, No. 4 (December 2000), pp. 301?308. Population Council.
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