????? ?????????

????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????? . ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ^[1] ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ^[2]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????. ^[3] ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? 1948 ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????? 1948 ???? ≪??? ????? ??????????? ≫ (?????? ????? ? 9) ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ^[3]

??? ??? 1967? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ≪????≫ ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????: 1) ?? ???? ??????? ? 2) ?? ??????? ??????? ? 3) ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ^[4]

????? ???? ????-?????? ????? ??? ?? ????: ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???????? (?????? ????? ? 11) ^[3] ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? 1948 ????? ????? ??? ???. ^[3] ??? 2003 ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ???? ≪????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ≫. ^[4]

????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ≪?????? ????????≫ ?????? ?≪???? ?????≫ ?? ??????. ^[5] ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ≪????≫ ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ≪??????≫. ^[5] ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ≪????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???.≫ ^[5] ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? 1948 ??? ????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ????? ? ^[6]^[7] ?????? ????? ??????? .

??? [ ??? ]

?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????. ??? ??? 20 ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????. ^[8]

??? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? 1948? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? 1952? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? 1966 ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ???? . ^[8] ??? ???? ≪????? ????? ?????? ??????????≫ ???: ( ??? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ? ???? ????? ? ?? ????? ???????? ? ??????) ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? 1964. ???? ?????? ???????? ?? (?????? ????????? ??????) ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? (????? ??????? = ????????) ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? (??? ??? ????). ??????.

???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? . ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? (????? ????????) ?? ???? (????? ?????? 1966) - ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? 1966. ^[8]

????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????. ^[8]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Ibrahim Muhawi? ?????? (2006). Literature and Nation in the Middle East . Edinburgh University Press. ISBN : 978-0-7486-2073-9 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-25. {{ ??????? ????? }}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch ( ?????? ) ? Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? )
^ "Palestinian Literature and Poetry" . Palestinian National Information Center. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-01-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-07-28 .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? Hannah Amit-Kochavi. "Hebrew Translations of Palestinian Literature ? from Total Denial to Partial Recognition" (PDF) . Beit Berl College, Israel. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2016-03-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-08-17 .
^ ^? ^? Steven Salaita (1 ????? 2003). "Scattered like seeds: Palestinian prose goes global" . Studies in the Humanities . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-06-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-09-06 .
^ ^? ^? ^? Adnan Soueif (21 ?????? 2006). "Art of Resistance" . ????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-09-06 .
^ "Jewish filmmaker tells Palestinian story - Israel Culture, Ynetnews" . Ynetnews.com. 20 ????? 1995. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-03-25 .
^ Associated? The. "Jewish film maker directs Palestinian story in 'Miral' - Haaretz Daily Newspaper | Israel News" . Haaretz.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-03-25 .
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? Mariam Shahin (2005). Palestine: A Guide . Interlink Books. ?. 41 ?55. ISBN : 1-56656-557-X .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???????: ????? ??????

????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

[1] Ibrahim Muhawi? ?????? (2006). Literature and Nation in the Middle East . Edinburgh University Press. ISBN : 978-0-7486-2073-9 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-01-25. {{ ??????? ????? }}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch ( ?????? ) ? Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? )

[2] "Palestinian Literature and Poetry" . Palestinian National Information Center. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-01-05 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-07-28 .

[Kochavi-3] ? ^? ^? ^? Hannah Amit-Kochavi. "Hebrew Translations of Palestinian Literature ? from Total Denial to Partial Recognition" (PDF) . Beit Berl College, Israel. ????? ?? ????? (PDF) ?? 2016-03-08 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-08-17 .

[Salaita-4] ? ^? Steven Salaita (1 ????? 2003). "Scattered like seeds: Palestinian prose goes global" . Studies in the Humanities . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-06-13 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-09-06 .

[Soueif-5] ? ^? ^? Adnan Soueif (21 ?????? 2006). "Art of Resistance" . ????????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2017-10-10 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-09-06 .

[6] "Jewish filmmaker tells Palestinian story - Israel Culture, Ynetnews" . Ynetnews.com. 20 ????? 1995. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-07 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-03-25 .

[7] Associated? The. "Jewish film maker directs Palestinian story in 'Miral' - Haaretz Daily Newspaper | Israel News" . Haaretz.com. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2016-03-04 . ???? ???? ?????? 2011-03-25 .

[Shahin-8] ? ^? ^? ^? Mariam Shahin (2005). Palestine: A Guide . Interlink Books. ?. 41 ?55. ISBN : 1-56656-557-X .

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