????? ????

????? ????
??????? ?????
???????	5 ????? 1929 (95 ???) ; ????
??????	??????? ; ???????? ???????
??? ??	?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????????
?????? ???????
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???? ?????	?????? ? ??????? ????? ? ???? ???? ? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????
???? ??	???? ???????? ?????? ?????????
???????
	????? ???? ?? ???????? (1973) ; ????? ???????? (1969) ; ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? (1965) ; ??????? ??????? ‏
???????
??????	?????? ??????
IMDB	????? ??? IMDB
	????? ????? - ?????

????? ???? ( ?????????? : Ivar Giaever ) ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? 1973. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ≪?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? (Quantum tunnelling) ?? ?????? ??????≫. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ≪????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ≫.

??? ????? ???? ?? 5 ????? 1929 ?????? ???? ???????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? (Applied Biophysics)? ??? ????? ? ????? ????? .

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

????? ???? ??? ???? IMDb (??????????)
????? ???? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
????? ???? ??? ???? Munzinger IBA (?????????)
????? ???? ??? ???? MusicBrainz (??????????)
????? ???? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)

????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? А. М. Прохоров , ed. (1969), Большая советская энциклопедия: [в 30 т.] (????????) (3rd ed.), Москва: Большая российская энциклопедия, Джайевер Айвар, OCLC : 14476314 , QID : Q17378135
^ Encyclopædia Britannica | Ivar Giaever (???????????), QID : Q5375741
^ Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Ivar Giaever (??????????), QID : Q237227
^ Store norske leksikon | Ivar Giæver (?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????), ISSN : 2464-1480 , QID : Q746368
^ Proleksis enciklopedija | Ivar Giaever (??????????), QID : Q3407324
^ The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 (???????????), Nobel Foundation , QID : Q23684016
^ "Table showing prize amounts" (PDF) (???????????). Nobel Foundation . 2019-04 . Retrieved 2021-02-04 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |publication-date= ( help )
^ https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/buckley.cfm . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? :

??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????.

??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[wikidata-e1eaacba55744393669d5cfceaa062c06cfa4774-1] ? ^? А. М. Прохоров , ed. (1969), Большая советская энциклопедия: [в 30 т.] (????????) (3rd ed.), Москва: Большая российская энциклопедия, Джайевер Айвар, OCLC : 14476314 , QID : Q17378135

[wikidata-77de892323a0ce1d62fc63ce9da2347ba3db9caf-2] Encyclopædia Britannica | Ivar Giaever (???????????), QID : Q5375741

[wikidata-c86d6a22d9851f45a1b9dba5b504649bfca5d807-3] Brockhaus Enzyklopadie | Ivar Giaever (??????????), QID : Q237227

[wikidata-afdc88c22720c321f13b832f81d8f054d00c192c-4] Store norske leksikon | Ivar Giæver (?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????), ISSN : 2464-1480 , QID : Q746368

[wikidata-2850356281850cdc3b44b982b3a2b4999b9f7a93-5] Proleksis enciklopedija | Ivar Giaever (??????????), QID : Q3407324

[wikidata-7ca8f7627e6d5a8b58dc2875732e798b5ac44c43-6] The Nobel Prize in Physics 1973 (???????????), Nobel Foundation , QID : Q23684016

[wikidata-f46543468d6dc357da75aaf287c357b7c40bfab4-7] "Table showing prize amounts" (PDF) (???????????). Nobel Foundation . 2019-04 . Retrieved 2021-02-04 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ???? ?? ??????? ??: |publication-date= ( help )

[wikidata-ea4dfce261dfd0dae23c15d10f405e58ba458f88-8] ttps://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/buckley.cfm . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

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1901?1925	?????? (1901) ?????? / ???? (1902) ?????? / ?. ???? / ?. ???? (1903) ????? (1904) ?????? (1905) ?????? (1906) ??????? (1907) ?????? (1908) ??????? / ????? (1909) ??? ??? ???? (1910) ???? (1911) ????? (1912) ???????? ???? (1913) ??? (1914) ?. ?. ???? / ?. ??. ???? (1915) ?????? (1917) ????? (1918) ????? (1919) ???? (1920) ???????? (1921) ?. ??? (1922) ??????? (1923) ??????? (1924) ????? / ???? (1925)
1926?1950	????? (1926) ??????? / ?. ?????? (1927) ?. ????????? (1928) ?? ?????? (1929) ????? (1930) ????????? (1932) ??????? / ????? (1933) ?????? (1935) ?? / ?. ??????? (1936) ??????? / ?????? (1937) ????? (1938) ????? (1939) ????? (1943) ???? (1944) ????? (1945) ??????? (1946) ?????? (1947) ?????? (1948) ?????? (1949) ????? (1950)
1951?1975	??????? / ?????? (1951) ???? / ?????? (1952) ??????? (1953) ???? / ???? (1954) ???? / ??? (1955) ????? / ?????? / ?????? (1956) ???? / ?? (1957) ??????? / ????? / ??? (1958) ????? / ???????? (1959) ????? (1960) ???????? / ??????? (1961) ?????? (1962) ????? / ?????-???? / ???? (1963) ????? / ????? / ??????? (1964) ???????? / ?????? / ??????? (1965) ?????? (1966) ???? (1967) ??????? (1968) ?????? (1969) ????? / ??? (1970) ????? (1971) ?????? / ???? / ????? (1972) ????? / ?????? / ??????? (1973) ???? / ???? (1974) ??? / ???????? / ?????? (1975)
1976?2000	????? / ???? (1976) ??????? / ??? / ??? ???? (1977) ??????? / ??????? / ?????? (1978) ????? / ???? / ??????? (1979) ?????? / ???? (1980) ???????? / ????? / ?????? (1981) ?. ?????? (1982) ??????????? / ????? (1983) ????? / ??? ??? ??? (1984) ??? ???????? (1985) ????? / ????? / ?????? (1986) ???????? / ???? (1987) ??????? / ?????? / ????????? (1988) ????? / ????? / ???? (1989) ??????? / ?????? / ????? (1990) ?? ??? (1991) ??????? (1992) ???? / ????? (1993) ???????? / ??? (1994) ???? / ????? (1995) ?? / ??????? / ?????????? (1996) ??? / ?????-?????? / ?????? (1997) ?????? / ?????? / ???? (1998) ???? / ??????? (1999) ??????? / ????? / ????? (2000)
2001?2025	?????? / ?????? / ????? (2001) ????? / ?????? / ??????? (2002) ????????? / ???????? / ???? (2003) ???? / ??????? / ?????? (2004) ?????? / ??? / ???? (2005) ???? / ???? (2006) ??? / ???????? (2007) ????? / ???????? / ???????? (2008) ??? / ???? / ???? (2009) ??? / ????????? (2010) ???????? / ??? / ????? (2011) ???? / ??????? (2012) ??????? / ???? (2013) ??????? / ????? / ???????? (2014) ?????? / ????????? (2015) ?????? / ??????? / ????????? (2016) ???? / ????? / ???? (2017) ????? / ???? / ???? ????????? (2018) ????? / ????? / ????? (2019) ????? / ????? / ??? (2020) ?????? / ??????? / ?????? (2021) ????? / ????? / ????????? (2022) ????? / ????? / ???????? (2023)