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: C
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OH ?
????? ???????
C
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O ?????
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?????
????? ?? ???? ????? ? (??????? ≪???-≫)? ???? ???? ????? ? ?????? (????? ≪- ???≫)? ????????? ???????? -OH ? (?????≪??≫)
[4]
????? '?????' ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????
athyl
? ???? ???? ?? ??? 1838 ?????? ≪????≫. ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ≪?????≫ ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??
?????????
? ??????? ????? '??'? ???? ????? 'hyle' ?????
????
. ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? - 'ETH'? ?? ?? ????? 'aither'? ???? ???? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ≪???????≫ ?? ?????? 'aither hyle'
.
[5]
?????? ≪????≫ ????? ≪?????? ????????≫ ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????.
????? ≪
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≫ ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????????. ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????
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,
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??????
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???? ??????
) ?? ??????? 1753. ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? 1850.
?????? ??????????
[
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???????
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C
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O
CH
3
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CH
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?CH
2
?OH
???????
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???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? . ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? · ?????? ??????? .816· ???? ??????? 80 ??
???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? .
????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????.
????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?
????? ???????
??? 1.36242 (λ = 589.3 ?? ??????? ? 18.35 °C).
[7]
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.
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.
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).
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???????
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+ H
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SO
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→ CH
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2
SO
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H ?
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SO
4
H + H
2
O → CH
3
CH
2
OH + H
2
SO
4
???????
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???????
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.
- C6 H12 O6 → 2 CH3 CH2 OH + 2 CO2
??????? ?????? ??? ?????
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???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???????
??????
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.
?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????.
???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????.
??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (C.N.S) ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? . . . . ???. ??? ????? ????? ????? (?? ?????? ?????) ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? lethargy? ??????? ? ??? ??????? amnesia ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? stupor? ????? ????? coma? ????? ??????? ??? ( ?????? ) ???? ????? Cordiouascular Collapse.
?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? 400-500 ???/100??.
? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? 50% ???? ( 95% - 96% ???/??? )
??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ?? 10.5% ???/??? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ??????? nerve degeneration.
?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? /1??/ ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????.
?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 50% ???? ???/??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????.
LD50 ( guinea pig, IP ) = 3.41 g/kg
LD50 ( guinea pig, IV ) = 2.3 g/kg
LD50 ( mouse, IP ) = 0.93 g/kg
LD50 ( guinea pig, oral ) = 7.5 g/kg
LD50 ( rabbit, IP ) = 0.96 g/kg
LD50 ( rabbit, oral ) = 6.3 g/kg
LD50 ( rat, IV ) = 1.44 g/kg
LD50 ( guinea pig, oral ) = 5.56 g/kg
LD50 ( hamster, IP ) = 5.07 g/kg
LD50 ( mouse, IV ) = 1.97 g/kg
LD50 ( mouse, SC ) = 8.29 g/kg
LD50 ( rabbit, IV ) = 2.37 g/kg
LD50 ( rat, IP ) = 3.75 g/kg
LD50 ( rat, oral ) = 7.06 g/kg
[11]
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- ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????
- ?????? ????? ????? ?????? .
- ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????????
??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????
- ?????? ????? ???????? ???
????????
???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? 25% ?? ????????? ??? 1??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??
????
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. ????? ???? ?? 50% ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????.
?????? ?? ???????
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????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????
.
[12]
???????? ????????
[
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?????? ????????????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????
|
|
|
| ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? (???? ???)
|
????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??????
|
????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? (??? ?? ???
???? ??????????
)
|
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???? ?????
)
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|
???????
[
???
]
- ^
?
?
?
ethanol
(???????????),
QID
:
Q278487
- ^
http://openmopac.net/pKa_table.html
.
- ^
????? ??????? ???????
(???????? ?????????). ??????? ???????:
?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????
. 2018. ?. 23.
ISBN
:
978-9931-681-42-7
.
OCLC
:
1100055505
.
QID
:
Q121071043
.
- ^
USA (6 ???? 2012).
"Ethanol ? PubChem"
. Pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. ????? ??
?????
?? 2014-10-12
. ???? ???? ??????
2012-04-23
.
- ^
Harper, Douglas.
"ethyl"
.
????? ??? ?????? ???????
.
- ^
????? ??????? ?????????
;
????? ??? ?????? ???????
"???? ??????"
(PDF)
. ????? ??
?????
(PDF)
?? 2014-02-02
. ???? ???? ??????
2013-07-08
.
- ^
?
?
Lide, D. R.? ?????? (2000).
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition
. CRC press.
ISBN
:
0-8493-0481-4
.
- ^
?
?
Windholz, Martha (1976).
The Merck index: an encyclopedia of chemicals and drugs
(?. 9th). Rahway, N.J., U.S.A: Merck.
ISBN
:
0-911910-26-3
. ????? ??
?????
?? 2022-03-24.
- ^
Morrison, Robert Thornton; Boyd, Robert Neilson (1972).
Organic Chemistry
(?. 2nd). Allyn and Bacon, inc.
ISBN
:
0-205-08452-4
.
{{
??????? ?????
}}
: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? (
link
)
- ^
Dahlmann U, Schneider GM (1989). "(Liquid + liquid) phase equilibria and critical curves of (ethanol + dodecane or tetradecane or hexadecane or 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane) from 0.1 MPa to 120.0 MPa".
J Chem Thermodyn
. ?. 21 ?. 9: 997.
DOI
:
10.1016/0021-9614(89)90160-2
.
- ^
Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients SIXTH EDITION Edited by Raymond C Rowe BPharm, PhD, DSC, FRPharmS, FRSC, CPhys, MInstP Chief Scientist Intelligensys Ltd, Stokesley, North Yorkshire, UK Paul J Sheskey BSc, RPh Application Development Leader The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA Marian E Quinn BSc, MSc Development Editor Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, London, UK
- ^
Dudley, Robert (2004). "Ethanol, Fruit Ripening, and the Historical Origins of Human Alcoholism in Primate Frugivory".
Integrative Comparative Biology
. ?. 44 ?. 4: 315?323.
DOI
:
10.1093/icb/44.4.315
.
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