??????? ???????

????????? ????????? ^[1] ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? . ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????. ^[2]^[3]

?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ≪????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????≫ ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? . ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????. ^[4]

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???? 1844? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1883. ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ^[5]^[6]^[5]

??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ≪?????? ?? ?????????≫:

≪???? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????. ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ... ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ... ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ≪?????? ?????????≫ ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????. ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????. ????? ????? ???????? ??????? [??????] ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????. ??? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? . ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? .... ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ≪?????????≫ ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ≪?????????≫ ?? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????. ^[7]

??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???. ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????.

??????? [ ??? ]

^ "Marxist Humanism and the 'New Left': An index to the writings and biographies of Marxist-Humanist writers", Marxists Internet Archive ???? ?????? 2020-04-25 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Marx at the Millennium, Chapter 3" . www.marxists.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-09-17 .
^ Alderson? David (2017). For Humanism . United States of America: Pluto Press. ?. 17. ISBN : 9780745336145 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: url-status ( link )
^ "Why we need Marxist-Humanism now" . Pluto Press (??????????? ?????????). 17 Feb 2017. Archived from the original on 2020-04-28 . Retrieved 2019-09-17 .
^ ^? ^? Edgley? Roy (1991). "Philosophy". ?? Bottomore? Tom ? Harris? Laurence? Kiernan? V.G. ? Miliband? Ralph (????????). The Dictionary of Marxist Thought (?. Second). Blackwell Publishers Ltd. ?. 419. ISBN : 0-631-16481-2 .
^ Edgley? Roy (1991). "Philosophy". ?? Bottomore? Tom ? Harris? Laurence? Kiernan? V.G. ? Miliband? Ralph (????????). The Dictionary of Marxist Thought (?. Second). Blackwell Publishers Ltd. ?. 419?420. ISBN : 0-631-16481-2 .
^ Ruoshui, Wang (1985). A Defense Of Humanism. Contemporary Chinese Thought 16 (3):71?88.

[1] "Marxist Humanism and the 'New Left': An index to the writings and biographies of Marxist-Humanist writers", Marxists Internet Archive ???? ?????? 2020-04-25 ?? Wayback Machine

[2] "Marx at the Millennium, Chapter 3" . www.marxists.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-07-16 . ???? ???? ?????? 2019-09-17 .

[:0-3] Alderson? David (2017). For Humanism . United States of America: Pluto Press. ?. 17. ISBN : 9780745336145 . {{ ??????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: url-status ( link )

[4] "Why we need Marxist-Humanism now" . Pluto Press (??????????? ?????????). 17 Feb 2017. Archived from the original on 2020-04-28 . Retrieved 2019-09-17 .

[Edgley4-5] ? ^? Edgley? Roy (1991). "Philosophy". ?? Bottomore? Tom ? Harris? Laurence? Kiernan? V.G. ? Miliband? Ralph (????????). The Dictionary of Marxist Thought (?. Second). Blackwell Publishers Ltd. ?. 419. ISBN : 0-631-16481-2 .

[Edgley3-6] Edgley? Roy (1991). "Philosophy". ?? Bottomore? Tom ? Harris? Laurence? Kiernan? V.G. ? Miliband? Ralph (????????). The Dictionary of Marxist Thought (?. Second). Blackwell Publishers Ltd. ?. 419?420. ISBN : 0-631-16481-2 .

[7] Ruoshui, Wang (1985). A Defense Of Humanism. Contemporary Chinese Thought 16 (3):71?88.

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