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? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? (≪???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????≫.) ("One is too many, and a thousand is never enough.")?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????: (?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????).
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? ?????: ?????? ?????? (?? ????????)? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????. (sober houses)??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??
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[1]
????? ?????? ??? ??? 1970 ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????. ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????.
???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? (NIDA) ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????: ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????
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?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? (residential treatment, recovery houses and sober houses). ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????.
??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????. ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (Central Nervous System depressant addiction) ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ????: ?????? ??????? ???????: ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????: ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????. ????????? ?????????: ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????: ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???: ????? ?? ??? ??????? (PFR)? ??????? ????????? ??????? (MAT)? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? (RCSP)? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? (NCSACW)
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??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????????? (???? ????) ?? ?????? ??????? (?? ?????? "? Subutex" ?"Suboxone") ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????.
????????? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????. ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? (??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????)? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????. ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? 2005 ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????.] ?? ?????? ?????? ??? (79-100 ?) ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????.
????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? addictionologists.
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Acamprosate? ?????? ????????? ????????? (????? ????? ???????? ????????) ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????. ??? ????? Acamprosate ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ????????? (????? ???? Antabuse) ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????.
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??????? ????? ???? ????? (Alan Marlatt) ???? ???????? (1985) ????? [20] Marlatt ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? : ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? (attributions of causality) ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????.
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