???????? ?????

???????? ?????
( ?????????? : Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio di Savoia )?
??????? ?????
???????	14 ???? 1844 ; ??????
??????	29 ????? 1900 (56 ???) ; ????
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????	??????? ?????
??????	????? ??????? (17 ???? 1861?29 ????? 1900)
??????	???????? ???? ??????? (22 ????? 1868?)
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???? ??????	????? ??? ?? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ‏
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	?? ?????? ; 9 ????? 1878 ? 29 ????? 1900
	??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????
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	???? ????? ????? (1863) ; ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ‏ ; ????? ?????? ; ???? ????????? ??????? ; ???? ????? ?????? ; ???? ??????? ; ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ; ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ; ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ‏
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	????? ????? - ?????

???????? ????? (???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ? 14 ???? 1844 - 29 ????? 1900)? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? 9 ????? 1878 ???? ??????? ?? 29 ????? 1900.

??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 1896. ?? ??? 1882? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? .

?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? . ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?? 14 ???? 1844? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ^[3] ?? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??. ^[4] ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???. ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????. ^[4]

??? ???? 1858? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? . ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? 1859? ??? ??? 1866? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? . ^[3]

???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? (???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????) ?? ?????? ??? ???? 1859 ?1860. ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? (???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ??????? ????????????). ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??.

?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????. ?? 21 ????? 1868? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? . ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ?????? . ^[3] ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ≪??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????≫? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ^[5] ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???. ^[6]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ https://archivio.quirinale.it/aspr/gianni-bisiach/AV-002-000144/29-luglio-1900-l-assassinio-re-umberto-i . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ BeWeB ? QID : Q77541206
^ ^? ^? ^? Steed, Henry Wickham (1911). "Humbert, Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio, King of Italy" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (???????????) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Vol. 13. pp. 872?873.
^ ^? ^? Denis Mack Smith (1989). Italy and Its Monarchy . ?. 71. ISBN : 0300051328 .
^ Christopher Duggan (2007). The Force of Destiny. A History of Italy Since 1796 . ?. 307. ISBN : 978-0-713-99709-5 .
^ Denis Mack Smith (1989). Italy and Its Monarchy . ?. 72. ISBN : 0300051328 .

????
???????? ????? ?? ????? ???: 14 March 1844 ????: 29 July 1900
???? ??????? ???????? ??????	??? ??????? 1878?1900	???? ?????? ???????? ??????

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???????? ?????

[wikidata-20bcdb3388515d780f204271edf5dcf013afad8e-1] ttps://archivio.quirinale.it/aspr/gianni-bisiach/AV-002-000144/29-luglio-1900-l-assassinio-re-umberto-i . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-b4bfb9c0a8913a4b5cd1826bc8622f9335edb44c-2] BeWeB ? QID : Q77541206

[EB1911-3] ? ^? ^? Steed, Henry Wickham (1911). "Humbert, Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio, King of Italy" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (???????????) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Vol. 13. pp. 872?873.

[Denis_Mack_Smith_1989_71-4] ? ^? Denis Mack Smith (1989). Italy and Its Monarchy . ?. 71. ISBN : 0300051328 .

[5] Christopher Duggan (2007). The Force of Destiny. A History of Italy Since 1796 . ?. 307. ISBN : 978-0-713-99709-5 .

[Denis_Mack_Smith_1989_72-6] Denis Mack Smith (1989). Italy and Its Monarchy . ?. 72. ISBN : 0300051328 .

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