??????? ??????

??????? ?????? ( 1787 - 1869 ) ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? 1817 ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? 1833 ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? 1824 ? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? 1809 ??? ??? 1817 ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? . ^[1]

?? ??? 1853 ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????????.

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^
- Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). "Menshikov, Alexander Sergeievich" . Encyclopædia Britannica (???????????) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Vol. 18. p. 134.

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