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?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ^[17]

????????? [ ??? ]

??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? - ???? - ?????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? A21 ? A26 ????????.

???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? 88 ?? ?????? ?????? ??????.

??????? [ ??? ]

????? ????????? ??? 1168 ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????????. ???? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? 1168 ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? . ??? ???? 1174 - 1175 ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????. ???? ???????? (???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? "?????????"? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????) ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????: ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????: ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???. (???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????). ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? 1198 ? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? . ???? ????????? ??? 1348 ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? 1707 ??? ?? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? .

?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? 1800 ? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? (?? ??????) ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????.

???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? 1814 ????? ?? ????? ??????? .

???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????.

???? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? : ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? 25 ????? 1899 .

???? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? 30 ????? 1944 ?238 ????? ????? ??????? ???? 5 ????? 1945 ????? ??????? 160 ????? ????? 60 ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? (1943-1945) ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????.

??? 6 ?????? 1994 ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????.

????? [ ??? ]

^ "???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????" . OpenStreetMap . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-11 .
^ "???? ????????? ?? GeoNames ID" . GeoNames ID . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-11 .
^ "???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????" . MusicBrainz area ID . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-11 .
^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011" (??????????). Istituto nazionale di statistica . Retrieved 2019-03-16 .
^ https://demo.istat.it/?l=it . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ "Citta gemellate" (??????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .
^ "Atti e avvisi 2015" (??????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .
^ "Alessandria" (??????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .
^ "Alessandria - Italie" (?????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .
^ "Twinning relations with italy" (???????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .
^ "Alessandria (Italie)" (?????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .
^ "Cities Friends" (???????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .
^ "г. Алессандрия (Италия)" (????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .
^ "Acuerdos de Hermanamiento" (??????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .
^ https://www.rosario.gob.ar/web/sites/default/files/hermanamiento_alessandria.pdf . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ https://www.comune.alessandria.it/amministrazione/citta-gemellate . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )
^ ?????? ?? ???? ISTAT - Istituto nazionale di statistica (ISTAT) ; ???? ???? ?????? 28-12-2012 . "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-01-10 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ?????????

[1] "???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????" . OpenStreetMap . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-11 .

[GeoNames_ID-2] "???? ????????? ?? GeoNames ID" . GeoNames ID . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-11 .

[MusicBrainz-3] "???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????" . MusicBrainz area ID . ???? ???? ?????? 2024-06-11 .

[wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-4] "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011" (??????????). Istituto nazionale di statistica . Retrieved 2019-03-16 .

[wikidata-50ba2a0696e3e0b504e077eb3817e967237e10cd-5] ttps://demo.istat.it/?l=it . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-4f9c4f2effc67c729b36430a59446e89585591bc-6] "Citta gemellate" (??????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .

[wikidata-c8ec2055fbcb692b183851986b0dd8021a82172f-7] "Atti e avvisi 2015" (??????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .

[wikidata-06604ad7f286986684d73fd3b999fcd5b2be1f4f-8] "Alessandria" (??????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .

[wikidata-8d323cbf142ddb5691c93e8c24cbaea7853cbfc6-9] "Alessandria - Italie" (?????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .

[wikidata-98d4737e9539081b585f8a255db79de575e5daf6-10] "Twinning relations with italy" (???????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .

[wikidata-473617ef33fec1189503431bc8d0737575f25ac1-11] "Alessandria (Italie)" (?????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .

[wikidata-fd8791a3d4b785ab64a3fe83ebe59953e64af228-12] "Cities Friends" (???????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .

[wikidata-b5ea1282a60be5ae2d9807314a177818f42bed20-13] "г. Алессандрия (Италия)" (????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .

[wikidata-7c18401ebbdc915f87674c7166576f933801538e-14] "Acuerdos de Hermanamiento" (??????????) . Retrieved 2020-06-28 .

[wikidata-616fdaab0a2b579f61f14bb19f28e63022e0d1a6-15] ttps://www.rosario.gob.ar/web/sites/default/files/hermanamiento_alessandria.pdf . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[wikidata-f70cc92bedf462265a8c76dfc229705a5b15f784-16] ttps://www.comune.alessandria.it/amministrazione/citta-gemellate . {{ ??????? ??? }}: |url= ????? ?????? ( ?????? ) ? ?????? |title= ??? ????? ?? ???? (?? ???? ??????) ( ?????? )

[17] ?????? ?? ???? ISTAT - Istituto nazionale di statistica (ISTAT) ; ???? ???? ?????? 28-12-2012 . "???? ??????" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2020-01-10 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ????? ?????????: BOT: original URL status unknown ( link )

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