???? ???? ??????
(
1888
-
1958
)?
?????
?????
??? ???? ????? ??????? ??
??????? ????????
14 ??? ?? ?????
23 ????
1930
??? ?????
1 ????
1958
. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???. ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???. ??? ??
?????
????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??
???????
? ??? ??? ??
????? ????????
????? ??
?????? ???????
????? ??? ?????? ???? ??
?????
? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????
????
??
?????
??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????
??????? ????????
?????? ???????
.
????? ??????
[
???
]
?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??
??????????
[2]
[3]
? ??? ??
?????
???
1888?
? ?? ?????
?????? ?????
[4]
[5]
[6]
?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ≪???? ?????≫ ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
????? ?????
?????????
? ????? ≪????≫ ?≪??? ??≫ ?? ?????
???? ????????
[7]
[8]
? ????? ?? ??????? ????????. ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??
???????
??? 1906?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? 1911?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? (???? ?????)?
[9]
????
??? ???????
(1912-1913) ????? ?? ?????? ≪?????? ???????≫ ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????
??????
??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????
????? ??????
? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????
????? ????? ???????
???????? ???????
???? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????
????????
??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ??
????? ????????
????? ??????
?????
????
????? ??????
??? ????? ????????
?????? ??????
???? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??
?????
???
??????
? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????
??????
??
?????? ?????????
?? ???? ??
?????? ??????? ??????
??
?????? ??? ?? ???
? ????
??? ?????? ??? ???????
?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? 1920 ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????
????? ????
??? ???? ????????? ???
???? ???
???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????: ≪???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???≫ ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??
?????
??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???
1927
(??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????
??? ?????? ??? ???????
) ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????.
??????? ????????
[
???
]
??? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??
???????
? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????
??????????
??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ≪?? ?????≫.
- ??
1922?
? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????.
[10]
[11]
- ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? 14 ???:
- 23 ???? 1930 - 19 ?????? 1932.
- 20 ?????? 1932 - 27 ?????? 1932.
- 25 ?????? 1938 - 6 ????? 1939.
- 7 ????? 1939 - 21 ?????? 1940.
- 22 ?????? 1940 - 21 ???? 1940.
- 9 ?????? 1941 - 8 ?????? 1942.
- 9 ?????? 1942 - 25 ?????? 1943.
- 26 ?????? 1943 - 3 ????? 1944.
- 21 ?????? 1946 - 11 ???? 1947.
- 6 ????? 1949 - 10 ?????? 1949.
- 15 ?????? 1950 - 10 ????? 1952.
- 2 ????? 1954 - 17 ?????? 1955.
- 18 ?????? 1955 - 8 ????? 1957.
- 3 ???? 1958 - 13 ???? 1958.
????? ????????
[
???
]
?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????
??? ?????
???
1954
?????
??????? ???????
??? ?????? ??????? ???
1958
. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ???????
???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??
?????? ??????
? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????
??????? ???????
??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????
????? ??????
??? ???? ????????
??????? ???????
??
?????
??? ???? ????? ??
???
.
??? ??? ????? ?????
?????
?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????
????????
????????
???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
???? ?????
????? ????? ???
?????
??????
???
?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????.
?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????
[
???
]
??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? (? 322)
[12]
[13]
???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????????..
??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????..
?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????..
????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????????..
???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? 1948 ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????..
???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????????..
??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? (???? ?????) ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????..
???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????..
??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????..
????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??
- ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????
???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????..
????? ?????? ?? ??????
[
???
]
??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???: “????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????”. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? “????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????” ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????. ?????? ?? ???? ?????* ?? ???? ?????? “???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????”.
[14]
[15]
???? ???? ??????
[
???
]
??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? - ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? - ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????
???? ???? ???? ????????
???
1941
.
??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????
????????
????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? 1941 ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???
?????? ???????
?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.
???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??? ???? 14 ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
??? ?????? ????
?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? 15 ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????
???? ?????? ??????
??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????.
???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????. ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????
???? ??????
??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????
?????? ??? ?????
???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????.
?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????
???? ????
??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????????
???? ?????? ????
??? ??????
?????????
???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????
??? ?????? ????
???? ??? ??? ???? 1958 ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????
???? ????????
???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? 8 ???? 1963.
????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
?????
??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????
??? ?????? ????
???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????.
?????? ?? ???????
[
???
]
????
???? ????? ?????????
??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????!
???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????:
- ?????? ??????: ???? ????: ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?!
??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????.
????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????!!
?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????:
???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????
- ?????? ???????: ?? ??????.. ?? ??? ????!
?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????.
?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????.. ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????.
- ?????? ???????: ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????????!
?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???!
?? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????.
?? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????.. ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????.
?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????.
- ?????? ???????: ?? ?????? ??? ????!
???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????: ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????..!
??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???.
??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????!
- ?????? ???????: ?? ?????? ??? ?????!
??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????!
?? ???? ?? ???? ??.. ?? ????..
?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????.
- ?????? ???????: ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????!
?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????!
???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????.
?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????.
- ?????? ???????: ??????? ??????.. ????? ?????
"?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????.. ??????? ??! ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????. (?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????) ?? ???: ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? .. ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????!.
- ?????? ???????: ????? ??? ????? ?? ????!
??? ??? ??????? ?? ????.. ?????! ???? ?? ?? ???.. ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????!
?? ??????? ≪???????≫ ???????? ?????? ??????: ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????.. ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????.. ???????!
- ?????? ???????: ?? ??????.
?? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? “??????” ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????.
??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????!
???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?”?????? ???????” ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????.
[16]
[17]
???????
[
???
]
?? ???????:
- ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????.
- ??????? ????? ???????.
- ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????.
???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????
[
???
]
- ?????
??????
???
2008
?????
??? ?????? ???????
.
- ?????
??? ??????
???
2010
?? ???? ?????
???? ??????
?????
???? ???? ????
.. ???? ????
???? ??????
??????
?? ?????
.
????? ??????
[
???
]
???????
[
???
]
????
[
???
]
???????
[
???
]
- ^
"???? ????? ????? ????: ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? 1958"
.
????? ???????
. 8 ????? 2019. ????? ??
?????
?? 2020-05-19
. ???? ???? ??????
2020-06-14
.
- ^
????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? 1996.
- ^
???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? 1994? ?24.
- ^
1.??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? 1932? ????? ??????? ??????( ????? ??????)? ?????? ?.?.
???? ???? ????
( ????? 1985)? ????? ?????- ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? 1987? 406 ?
2.???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? 1945? ????? ??????? ??????( ????? ??????)? ?????? ?.?.
???? ???? ????
(?? 1985)? ????? ?????- ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? 1988? 316 ?.
3.?.???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????- ??????? ??? ??? 1958? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?.?.
????? ???? ?????
(2002)? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? 2002? 323 ?
- ^
???? ?????? ?????? 32 (???? ???? ??????) ????.. ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ?
??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? (
???? ??????
-????? ??????)
- ^
(2) ???? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? 1935 ? 1958 ( ????? / ?????? : ???? ????? ????????? 2012 )? ? 45? 88? 146. ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ???? : ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? : ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? 1954- 1958? ????? ?????? ?????? : ???? ??????? ?1 ??????? ( ????? : ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? 2015 )? ? 33.
- ^
???? ???? ??????
??? ???? ?????? ???????-?????: 6190 - 2019 / 4 / 3 - 06:09 ??????: ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????
- ^
????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????August 30, 2017
- ^
???? ?????? ???????? ??????? (2009).
?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????
. ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?????????. ?. 131.
?????
?? ????? ?? 2023-07-27.
- ^
????? ??? ?????.
????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? 1980 - 1988
. ?. 453.
- ^
report y his majesty's high commissioner on the finances,administration and condition of the 'Iraq, for the period from October 1st,1920 to March 31st,1922.p26
- ^
????? ????.
????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????: ??? ?????? ????
. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??
?????
?? 2018-11-14.
- ^
"???????? ?????: ??? ?????? ????"
. ????? ??
?????
?? 2019-12-15.
- ^
???????:
???? ??? ??????: ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? 1934-1974? ????? 1975.
???? ??????: ?????? ?????? 1945 ? 1958? ??????? 1967.
???? ???? ????: ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? 1975.
???? ??????: ??? ?????? ???????1941.
- ^
???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? “?????? ??????” ????? ?????? “??? ?????? ??????”. ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????.
- ^
https://www.almadasupplements.com/view.php?cat=8734
???? ??????
2021-06-23 ??? ????
??? ??? ????
.
- ^
???? ?????? ???? ?????.. 10 ????? ??? ?????
On ?????? 10, 2018 ?????? ????????