Two-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166-1
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
codes
are two-letter
country codes
defined in
ISO 3166-1
, part of the
ISO 3166
standard
[1]
published by the
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO), to represent
countries
,
dependent territories
, and special areas of geographical interest. They are the most widely used of the country codes published by ISO (the others being
alpha-3
and
numeric
), and are used most prominently for the
Internet
's
country code top-level domains
(with a few exceptions). They are also used as country identifiers extending the postal code when appropriate within the international postal system for paper mail, and have replaced the previous one consisting one-letter codes. They were first included as part of the ISO 3166 standard in its first edition in 1974.
Uses and applications
[
edit
]
The ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are used in different environments and are also part of other standards. In some cases they are not perfectly implemented.
Perfect implementations
[
edit
]
The ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are used in the following standards:
Imperfect implementations
[
edit
]
Starting in 1985, ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes have been used in the
Domain Name System
as
country code top-level domains
(ccTLDs). The
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
currently assigns the ccTLDs mostly following the alpha-2 codes, but with a few exceptions.
[8]
For example, the
United Kingdom
, whose alpha-2 code is
GB
, uses
.uk
instead of
.gb
as its ccTLD, as
UK
is currently
exceptionally reserved
in ISO 3166-1 on the request of the United Kingdom.
The
WIPO
coding standard ST.3 is based on ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes, but includes a number of additional codes for international
intellectual property organizations
, which are currently
reserved and not used at the present stage
in ISO 3166-1.
[9]
The
European Commission
generally uses ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes with two exceptions:
EL
(not
GR
) is used to represent
Greece
, and
UK
(not
GB
) is used to represent the
United Kingdom
.
[10]
[11]
This notwithstanding, the
Official Journal of the European Communities
specified that
GR
and
GB
be used to represent Greece and United Kingdom respectively.
[12]
For
VAT
administration purposes, the
European Commission
uses
EL
and
GB
for Greece and the United Kingdom respectively.
The
United Nations
uses a combination of ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 and
alpha-3
codes, along with codes that pre-date the creation of ISO 3166, for
international vehicle registration codes
, which are codes used to identify the issuing country of a vehicle registration plate; some of these codes are currently
indeterminately reserved
in ISO 3166-1.
[13]
IETF language tags
(conforming to the BCP 47 standard track and maintained in an
IANA
registry) are also partially derived from ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes (for the region subtags). The full list of ISO 3166-1 codes assigned to countries and territories are usable as region subtags. Also, the "exceptionally reserved" alpha-2 codes defined in ISO 3166-1 (with the exception of
UK
) are also usable as region subtags for language tags. However, newer stability policies (agreed with ISO) have been implemented to avoid deleting subtags that have been withdrawn in ISO 3166-1; instead they are kept and aliased to the new preferred subtags, or kept as subtags grouping several countries. Some other region grouping subtags are derived from other standards. Under the newer stability policies, old assigned codes that have been withdrawn from ISO 3166-1 should no longer be reassigned to another country or territory (as has occurred in the past for "CS").
Current codes
[
edit
]
Decoding table
[
edit
]
The following is a colour-coded decoding table of all ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes.
Colour legend
242
|
Officially assigned
: assigned to a country, territory, or area of geographical interest
|
7
|
Officially assigned
: formerly either assigned to a different entity or reserved indeterminately, then deleted and later reassigned as above
|
43
|
User-assigned
: free for assignment at the disposal of users
|
13
|
Exceptionally reserved
: reserved on request for restricted use
|
30
|
Indeterminately reserved
: used in coding systems associated with ISO 3166-1
|
7
|
Transitionally reserved
: deleted from ISO 3166-1 but reserved transitionally
|
14
|
Deleted
: deleted and free for reassignment
|
320
|
Unassigned
: free for assignment by the ISO 3166/MA only
|
Officially assigned code elements
[
edit
]
The following is a complete list of the 249 current officially assigned ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes, with the following columns:
[1]
- Code
: ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code, pointing to its
ISO 3166-2
article
- Country name
: English short name officially used by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA)
- Year
: Year when alpha-2 code was first officially assigned (1974, first edition of ISO 3166)
- ccTLD
: Corresponding
country code top-level domain
(some are inactive); exceptions where another ccTLD is assigned for the country are shown in parentheses
- Notes
: Any unofficial notes
Code
|
Country name (using
title case
)
|
Year
|
ccTLD
|
Notes
|
AD
|
Andorra
|
1974
|
.ad
|
|
AE
|
United Arab Emirates
|
1974
|
.ae
|
|
AF
|
Afghanistan
|
1974
|
.af
|
|
AG
|
Antigua and Barbuda
|
1974
|
.ag
|
|
AI
|
Anguilla
|
1985
|
.ai
|
AI
previously represented
French Afars and Issas
|
AL
|
Albania
|
1974
|
.al
|
|
AM
|
Armenia
|
1992
|
.am
|
|
AO
|
Angola
|
1974
|
.ao
|
|
AQ
|
Antarctica
|
1974
|
.aq
|
Covers the territories south of
60° south latitude
Code taken from name in
French
:
Antarctique
|
AR
|
Argentina
|
1974
|
.ar
|
|
AS
|
American Samoa
|
1974
|
.as
|
|
AT
|
Austria
|
1974
|
.at
|
|
AU
|
Australia
|
1974
|
.au
|
Includes the
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
and the
Coral Sea Islands
|
AW
|
Aruba
|
1986
|
.aw
|
|
AX
|
Aland Islands
|
2004
|
.ax
|
An autonomous county of
Finland
|
AZ
|
Azerbaijan
|
1992
|
.az
|
|
BA
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
1992
|
.ba
|
|
BB
|
Barbados
|
1974
|
.bb
|
|
BD
|
Bangladesh
|
1974
|
.bd
|
|
BE
|
Belgium
|
1974
|
.be
|
|
BF
|
Burkina Faso
|
1984
|
.bf
|
Name changed from
Upper Volta
(
HV
)
|
BG
|
Bulgaria
|
1974
|
.bg
|
|
BH
|
Bahrain
|
1974
|
.bh
|
|
BI
|
Burundi
|
1974
|
.bi
|
|
BJ
|
Benin
|
1977
|
.bj
|
Name changed from
Dahomey
(
DY
)
|
BL
|
Saint Barthelemy
|
2007
|
.bl
|
|
BM
|
Bermuda
|
1974
|
.bm
|
|
BN
|
Brunei Darussalam
|
1974
|
.bn
|
Previous ISO country name:
Brunei
|
BO
|
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
|
1974
|
.bo
|
Previous ISO country name:
Bolivia
|
BQ
|
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
|
2010
|
.bq
|
Consists of three Caribbean "
special municipalities
", which are part of the
Netherlands
proper:
Bonaire
,
Sint Eustatius
, and
Saba
(the BES Islands)
Previous ISO country name:
Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba
BQ
previously represented
British Antarctic Territory
|
BR
|
Brazil
|
1974
|
.br
|
|
BS
|
Bahamas
|
1974
|
.bs
|
|
BT
|
Bhutan
|
1974
|
.bt
|
|
BV
|
Bouvet Island
|
1974
|
.bv
|
Dependency of Norway
|
BW
|
Botswana
|
1974
|
.bw
|
|
BY
|
Belarus
|
1974
|
.by
|
Code taken from previous ISO country name:
Byelorussian SSR
(now assigned
ISO 3166-3
code
BYAA
)
Code assigned as the country was already a UN member since 1945
[14]
|
BZ
|
Belize
|
1974
|
.bz
|
|
CA
|
Canada
|
1974
|
.ca
|
|
CC
|
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
|
1974
|
.cc
|
External territory of Australia
|
CD
|
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
|
1997
|
.cd
|
Name changed from
Zaire
(
ZR
)
|
CF
|
Central African Republic
|
1974
|
.cf
|
|
CG
|
Congo
|
1974
|
.cg
|
|
CH
|
Switzerland
|
1974
|
.ch
|
Code taken from name in
Latin
:
Confoederatio Helvetica
|
CI
|
Cote d'Ivoire
|
1974
|
.ci
|
ISO country name follows UN designation (common name and previous ISO country name:
Ivory Coast
)
|
CK
|
Cook Islands
|
1974
|
.ck
|
|
CL
|
Chile
|
1974
|
.cl
|
|
CM
|
Cameroon
|
1974
|
.cm
|
Previous ISO country name:
Cameroon, United Republic of
|
CN
|
China
|
1974
|
.cn
|
|
CO
|
Colombia
|
1974
|
.co
|
|
CR
|
Costa Rica
|
1974
|
.cr
|
|
CU
|
Cuba
|
1974
|
.cu
|
|
CV
|
Cabo Verde
|
1974
|
.cv
|
ISO country name follows UN designation (common name and previous ISO country name:
Cape Verde
, another previous ISO country name:
Cape Verde Islands
)
|
CW
|
Curacao
|
2010
|
.cw
|
|
CX
|
Christmas Island
|
1974
|
.cx
|
External territory of Australia
|
CY
|
Cyprus
|
1974
|
.cy
|
|
CZ
|
Czechia
|
1993
|
.cz
|
Previous ISO country name:
Czech Republic
|
DE
|
Germany
|
1974
|
.de
|
Code taken from name in
German
:
Deutschland
Code used for
West Germany
before 1990 (previous ISO country name:
Germany, Federal Republic of
)
|
DJ
|
Djibouti
|
1977
|
.dj
|
Name changed from
French Afars and Issas
(
AI
)
|
DK
|
Denmark
|
1974
|
.dk
|
|
DM
|
Dominica
|
1974
|
.dm
|
|
DO
|
Dominican Republic
|
1974
|
.do
|
|
DZ
|
Algeria
|
1974
|
.dz
|
Code taken from name in
Arabic
???????
al-Djaz?'ir
,
Algerian Arabic
???????
al-Dz?y?r
, or
Berber
?????
Dzayer
|
EC
|
Ecuador
|
1974
|
.ec
|
|
EE
|
Estonia
|
1992
|
.ee
|
Code taken from name in
Estonian
:
Eesti
|
EG
|
Egypt
|
1974
|
.eg
|
|
EH
|
Western Sahara
|
1974
|
|
Previous ISO country name:
Spanish Sahara
(code taken from name in
Spanish
:
Sahara espanol
)
.eh
ccTLD has not been implemented.
[15]
|
ER
|
Eritrea
|
1993
|
.er
|
|
ES
|
Spain
|
1974
|
.es
|
Code taken from name in
Spanish
:
Espana
|
ET
|
Ethiopia
|
1974
|
.et
|
|
FI
|
Finland
|
1974
|
.fi
|
|
FJ
|
Fiji
|
1974
|
.fj
|
|
FK
|
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
|
1974
|
.fk
|
ISO country name follows UN designation due to the
Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute
(local common name:
Falkland Islands
)
[16]
|
FM
|
Micronesia, Federated States of
|
1986
|
.fm
|
Previous ISO country name:
Micronesia
|
FO
|
Faroe Islands
|
1974
|
.fo
|
Code taken from name in
Faroese
:
Føroyar
|
FR
|
France
|
1974
|
.fr
|
Includes
Clipperton Island
|
GA
|
Gabon
|
1974
|
.ga
|
|
GB
|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
|
1974
|
.gb
(
.uk
)
|
Includes
Akrotiri and Dhekelia
(Sovereign Base Areas)
Code taken from
Great Britain
(from official name:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
)
[17]
Previous ISO country name:
United Kingdom
.uk
is the primary ccTLD of the United Kingdom instead of
.gb
(see code
UK
, which is
exceptionally reserved
)
|
GD
|
Grenada
|
1974
|
.gd
|
|
GE
|
Georgia
|
1992
|
.ge
|
GE
previously represented
Gilbert and Ellice Islands
|
GF
|
French Guiana
|
1974
|
.gf
|
Code taken from name in
French
:
Guyane francaise
|
GG
|
Guernsey
|
2006
|
.gg
|
A
British
Crown Dependency
|
GH
|
Ghana
|
1974
|
.gh
|
|
GI
|
Gibraltar
|
1974
|
.gi
|
|
GL
|
Greenland
|
1974
|
.gl
|
|
GM
|
Gambia
|
1974
|
.gm
|
|
GN
|
Guinea
|
1974
|
.gn
|
|
GP
|
Guadeloupe
|
1974
|
.gp
|
|
GQ
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
1974
|
.gq
|
Code taken from name in
French
:
Guinee equatoriale
|
GR
|
Greece
|
1974
|
.gr
|
|
GS
|
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
|
1993
|
.gs
|
|
GT
|
Guatemala
|
1974
|
.gt
|
|
GU
|
Guam
|
1974
|
.gu
|
|
GW
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
1974
|
.gw
|
|
GY
|
Guyana
|
1974
|
.gy
|
|
HK
|
Hong Kong
|
1974
|
.hk
|
Hong Kong
is officially a Special Administrative Region of the
People's Republic of China
since 1 July 1997
|
HM
|
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
|
1974
|
.hm
|
External territory of Australia
|
HN
|
Honduras
|
1974
|
.hn
|
|
HR
|
Croatia
|
1992
|
.hr
|
Code taken from name in
Croatian
:
Hrvatska
|
HT
|
Haiti
|
1974
|
.ht
|
|
HU
|
Hungary
|
1974
|
.hu
|
|
ID
|
Indonesia
|
1974
|
.id
|
|
IE
|
Ireland
|
1974
|
.ie
|
|
IL
|
Israel
|
1974
|
.il
|
|
IM
|
Isle of Man
|
2006
|
.im
|
A
British
Crown Dependency
|
IN
|
India
|
1974
|
.in
|
|
IO
|
British Indian Ocean Territory
|
1974
|
.io
|
|
IQ
|
Iraq
|
1974
|
.iq
|
|
IR
|
Iran, Islamic Republic of
|
1974
|
.ir
|
Previous ISO country name:
Iran
|
IS
|
Iceland
|
1974
|
.is
|
Code taken from name in
Icelandic
:
Island
|
IT
|
Italy
|
1974
|
.it
|
|
JE
|
Jersey
|
2006
|
.je
|
A
British
Crown Dependency
|
JM
|
Jamaica
|
1974
|
.jm
|
|
JO
|
Jordan
|
1974
|
.jo
|
|
JP
|
Japan
|
1974
|
.jp
|
|
KE
|
Kenya
|
1974
|
.ke
|
|
KG
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
1992
|
.kg
|
|
KH
|
Cambodia
|
1974
|
.kh
|
Code taken from former name:
Khmer Republic
Previous ISO country name:
Kampuchea, Democratic
|
KI
|
Kiribati
|
1979
|
.ki
|
Name changed from
Gilbert Islands
(
GE
)
|
KM
|
Comoros
|
1974
|
.km
|
Code taken from name in
Comorian
:
Komori
Previous ISO country name:
Comoro Islands
|
KN
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
1974
|
.kn
|
Previous ISO country name:
Saint Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla
|
KP
|
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|
1974
|
.kp
|
ISO country name follows UN designation (common name:
North Korea
)
|
KR
|
Korea, Republic of
|
1974
|
.kr
|
ISO country name follows UN designation (common name:
South Korea
)
|
KW
|
Kuwait
|
1974
|
.kw
|
|
KY
|
Cayman Islands
|
1974
|
.ky
|
|
KZ
|
Kazakhstan
|
1992
|
.kz
|
Previous ISO country name:
Kazakstan
|
LA
|
Lao People's Democratic Republic
|
1974
|
.la
|
ISO country name follows UN designation (common name and previous ISO country name:
Laos
)
|
LB
|
Lebanon
|
1974
|
.lb
|
|
LC
|
Saint Lucia
|
1974
|
.lc
|
|
LI
|
Liechtenstein
|
1974
|
.li
|
|
LK
|
Sri Lanka
|
1974
|
.lk
|
|
LR
|
Liberia
|
1974
|
.lr
|
|
LS
|
Lesotho
|
1974
|
.ls
|
|
LT
|
Lithuania
|
1992
|
.lt
|
LT formerly reserved indeterminately for
Libya Tripoli
|
LU
|
Luxembourg
|
1974
|
.lu
|
|
LV
|
Latvia
|
1992
|
.lv
|
|
LY
|
Libya
|
1974
|
.ly
|
Previous ISO country name:
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
|
MA
|
Morocco
|
1974
|
.ma
|
Code taken from name in
French
:
Maroc
|
MC
|
Monaco
|
1974
|
.mc
|
|
MD
|
Moldova, Republic of
|
1992
|
.md
|
Previous ISO country name:
Moldova
(briefly from 2008 to 2009)
|
ME
|
Montenegro
|
2006
|
.me
|
ME formerly reserved indeterminately for
Western Sahara
|
MF
|
Saint Martin (French part)
|
2007
|
.mf
|
The
Dutch part
of
Saint Martin
island is assigned code
SX
|
MG
|
Madagascar
|
1974
|
.mg
|
|
MH
|
Marshall Islands
|
1986
|
.mh
|
|
MK
|
North Macedonia
|
1993
|
.mk
|
Code taken from name in
Macedonian
:
Severna Makedonija
Previous ISO country name:
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of
(designated as such due to
Macedonia naming dispute
)
|
ML
|
Mali
|
1974
|
.ml
|
|
MM
|
Myanmar
|
1989
|
.mm
|
Name changed from
Burma
(
BU
)
|
MN
|
Mongolia
|
1974
|
.mn
|
|
MO
|
Macao
|
1974
|
.mo
|
Previous ISO country name:
Macau
;
Macao
is officially a Special Administrative Region of the
People's Republic of China
since 20 December 1999
|
MP
|
Northern Mariana Islands
|
1986
|
.mp
|
|
MQ
|
Martinique
|
1974
|
.mq
|
|
MR
|
Mauritania
|
1974
|
.mr
|
|
MS
|
Montserrat
|
1974
|
.ms
|
|
MT
|
Malta
|
1974
|
.mt
|
|
MU
|
Mauritius
|
1974
|
.mu
|
|
MV
|
Maldives
|
1974
|
.mv
|
|
MW
|
Malawi
|
1974
|
.mw
|
|
MX
|
Mexico
|
1974
|
.mx
|
|
MY
|
Malaysia
|
1974
|
.my
|
|
MZ
|
Mozambique
|
1974
|
.mz
|
|
NA
|
Namibia
|
1974
|
.na
|
|
NC
|
New Caledonia
|
1974
|
.nc
|
|
NE
|
Niger
|
1974
|
.ne
|
|
NF
|
Norfolk Island
|
1974
|
.nf
|
External territory of Australia
|
NG
|
Nigeria
|
1974
|
.ng
|
|
NI
|
Nicaragua
|
1974
|
.ni
|
|
NL
|
Netherlands, Kingdom of the
|
1974
|
.nl
|
Officially includes the islands Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba, which also have code
BQ
in ISO 3166-1. Within ISO 3166-2, Aruba (
AW
), Curacao (
CW
), and Sint Maarten (
SX
) are also coded as subdivisions of NL.
[18]
Previous ISO country name:
Netherlands
|
NO
|
Norway
|
1974
|
.no
|
|
NP
|
Nepal
|
1974
|
.np
|
|
NR
|
Nauru
|
1974
|
.nr
|
|
NU
|
Niue
|
1974
|
.nu
|
Previous ISO country name:
Niue Island
|
NZ
|
New Zealand
|
1974
|
.nz
|
|
OM
|
Oman
|
1974
|
.om
|
|
PA
|
Panama
|
1974
|
.pa
|
|
PE
|
Peru
|
1974
|
.pe
|
|
PF
|
French Polynesia
|
1974
|
.pf
|
Code taken from name in
French
:
Polynesie francaise
|
PG
|
Papua New Guinea
|
1974
|
.pg
|
|
PH
|
Philippines
|
1974
|
.ph
|
|
PK
|
Pakistan
|
1974
|
.pk
|
|
PL
|
Poland
|
1974
|
.pl
|
|
PM
|
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
|
1974
|
.pm
|
|
PN
|
Pitcairn
|
1974
|
.pn
|
Previous ISO country name:
Pitcairn Islands
|
PR
|
Puerto Rico
|
1974
|
.pr
|
|
PS
|
Palestine, State of
|
1999
|
.ps
|
Previous ISO country name:
Palestinian Territory, Occupied
Consists of the
West Bank
and the
Gaza Strip
|
PT
|
Portugal
|
1974
|
.pt
|
|
PW
|
Palau
|
1986
|
.pw
|
|
PY
|
Paraguay
|
1974
|
.py
|
|
QA
|
Qatar
|
1974
|
.qa
|
|
RE
|
Reunion
|
1974
|
.re
|
|
RO
|
Romania
|
1974
|
.ro
|
|
RS
|
Serbia
|
2006
|
.rs
|
Republic of Serbia
|
RU
|
Russian Federation
|
1992
|
.ru
|
ISO country name follows UN designation (common name:
Russia
); RU formerly reserved indeterminately for
Burundi
|
RW
|
Rwanda
|
1974
|
.rw
|
|
SA
|
Saudi Arabia
|
1974
|
.sa
|
|
SB
|
Solomon Islands
|
1974
|
.sb
|
Code taken from former name:
British Solomon Islands
|
SC
|
Seychelles
|
1974
|
.sc
|
|
SD
|
Sudan
|
1974
|
.sd
|
|
SE
|
Sweden
|
1974
|
.se
|
|
SG
|
Singapore
|
1974
|
.sg
|
|
SH
|
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
|
1974
|
.sh
|
Previous ISO country name:
Saint Helena
.
|
SI
|
Slovenia
|
1992
|
.si
|
|
SJ
|
Svalbard and Jan Mayen
|
1974
|
.sj
|
Previous ISO name:
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
Consists of two Arctic territories of Norway:
Svalbard
and
Jan Mayen
|
SK
|
Slovakia
|
1993
|
.sk
|
SK
previously represented the
Kingdom of Sikkim
|
SL
|
Sierra Leone
|
1974
|
.sl
|
|
SM
|
San Marino
|
1974
|
.sm
|
|
SN
|
Senegal
|
1974
|
.sn
|
|
SO
|
Somalia
|
1974
|
.so
|
|
SR
|
Suriname
|
1974
|
.sr
|
Previous ISO country name:
Surinam
|
SS
|
South Sudan
|
2011
|
.ss
|
|
ST
|
Sao Tome and Principe
|
1974
|
.st
|
|
SV
|
El Salvador
|
1974
|
.sv
|
|
SX
|
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
|
2010
|
.sx
|
The
French part
of
Saint Martin
island is assigned code
MF
|
SY
|
Syrian Arab Republic
|
1974
|
.sy
|
ISO country name follows UN designation (common name and previous ISO country name:
Syria
)
|
SZ
|
Eswatini
|
1974
|
.sz
|
Previous ISO country name:
Swaziland
|
TC
|
Turks and Caicos Islands
|
1974
|
.tc
|
|
TD
|
Chad
|
1974
|
.td
|
Code taken from name in
French
:
Tchad
|
TF
|
French Southern Territories
|
1979
|
.tf
|
Covers the French Southern and Antarctic Lands except
Adelie Land
Code taken from name in
French
:
Terres australes francaises
|
TG
|
Togo
|
1974
|
.tg
|
|
TH
|
Thailand
|
1974
|
.th
|
|
TJ
|
Tajikistan
|
1992
|
.tj
|
|
TK
|
Tokelau
|
1974
|
.tk
|
Previous ISO country name:
Tokelau Islands
|
TL
|
Timor-Leste
|
2002
|
.tl
|
Name changed from
East Timor
(
TP
)
|
TM
|
Turkmenistan
|
1992
|
.tm
|
|
TN
|
Tunisia
|
1974
|
.tn
|
|
TO
|
Tonga
|
1974
|
.to
|
|
TR
|
Turkiye
|
1974
|
.tr
|
Previous ISO country name:
Turkey
|
TT
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
1974
|
.tt
|
|
TV
|
Tuvalu
|
1977
|
.tv
|
|
TW
|
Taiwan, Province of China
|
1974
|
.tw
|
Covers the current jurisdiction of the
Republic of China
ISO country name follows UN designation (due to
political status of Taiwan
within the UN)
[17]
(common name:
Taiwan
)
|
TZ
|
Tanzania, United Republic of
|
1974
|
.tz
|
|
UA
|
Ukraine
|
1974
|
.ua
|
Previous ISO country name:
Ukrainian SSR
Code assigned as the country was already a UN member since 1945
[14]
|
UG
|
Uganda
|
1974
|
.ug
|
|
UM
|
United States Minor Outlying Islands
|
1986
|
|
Consists of nine minor insular areas of the United States:
Baker Island
,
Howland Island
,
Jarvis Island
,
Johnston Atoll
,
Kingman Reef
,
Midway Islands
,
Navassa Island
,
Palmyra Atoll
, and
Wake Island
.um
ccTLD was revoked in 2007
[19]
The
United States Department of State
uses the following user assigned alpha-2 codes for the nine territories, respectively, XB, XH, XQ, XU, XM, QM, XV, XL, and QW.
[20]
|
US
|
United States of America
|
1974
|
.us
|
Previous ISO country name:
United States
|
UY
|
Uruguay
|
1974
|
.uy
|
|
UZ
|
Uzbekistan
|
1992
|
.uz
|
|
VA
|
Holy See
|
1974
|
.va
|
Covers Vatican City, territory of the
Holy See
Previous ISO country names:
Vatican City State (Holy See)
and
Holy See (Vatican City State)
|
VC
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
1974
|
.vc
|
|
VE
|
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
|
1974
|
.ve
|
Previous ISO country name:
Venezuela
|
VG
|
Virgin Islands (British)
|
1974
|
.vg
|
|
VI
|
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
|
1974
|
.vi
|
|
VN
|
Viet Nam
|
1974
|
.vn
|
ISO country name follows UN designation (common name:
Vietnam
)
Code used for
Republic of Viet Nam
(common name:
South Vietnam
) before 1977
|
VU
|
Vanuatu
|
1980
|
.vu
|
Name changed from
New Hebrides
(
NH
)
|
WF
|
Wallis and Futuna
|
1974
|
.wf
|
Previous ISO country name:
Wallis and Futuna Islands
|
WS
|
Samoa
|
1974
|
.ws
|
Code taken from former name:
Western Samoa
|
YE
|
Yemen
|
1974
|
.ye
|
Previous ISO country name:
Yemen, Republic of
(for three years after the unification)
Code used for
North Yemen
before 1990
|
YT
|
Mayotte
|
1993
|
.yt
|
|
ZA
|
South Africa
|
1974
|
.za
|
Code taken from name in
Dutch
:
Zuid-Afrika
|
ZM
|
Zambia
|
1974
|
.zm
|
|
ZW
|
Zimbabwe
|
1980
|
.zw
|
Name changed from
Southern Rhodesia
(
RH
)
|
User-assigned code elements
[
edit
]
User-assigned code elements are codes at the disposal of users who need to add further names of countries, territories, or other geographical entities to their in-house application of ISO 3166-1, and the ISO 3166/MA will never use these codes in the updating process of the standard. The following alpha-2 codes can be user-assigned:
AA
,
QM
to
QZ
,
XA
to
XZ
, and
ZZ
.
[21]
For example:
- The
International Standard Recording Code
(ISRC) uses
QM
as a second country code for the United States, as it ran out of three-character registrant codes within the
US
prefix. It also uses
ZZ
for some registrants assigned directly.
[22]
- The
Unicode
Common Locale Data Repository
(CLDR) assigns
QO
to represent
Outlying Oceania
(a multi-territory region containing
Antarctica
,
Bouvet Island
, the
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
,
Christmas Island
,
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
,
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
, the
British Indian Ocean Territory
, the
French Southern Territories
, and the
United States Minor Outlying Islands
), and
ZZ
to represent "Unknown or Invalid Territory". Before the adoption of the macroregion code
EU
by ISO, CLDR also used
QU
to represent the
European Union
.
[23]
- The code
QZ
is being used by the
World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO) as an indicator for the
Community Plant Variety Office
.
- The code
XA
is being used by
Switzerland
[24]
as a country code for the
Canary Islands
, although
IC
is already reserved for that purpose.
- The codes
XA
and
XO
are being used by
Russia
[25]
to represent
Abkhazia
and
South Ossetia
respectively.
- The code
XI
is being used by the
UK Government
,
[26]
as an
EORI number
country code prefix for
Northern Ireland
, and the members of
European union
for
European Union value added tax
reports with trade with
Northern Ireland
.
[27]
- The code
XK
is being used by the
European Commission
[28]
the
IMF
, and
SWIFT
,
[29]
the
CLDR
, and other organizations as a temporary country code for
Kosovo
.
[30]
- The code
XN
is being used by WIPO as an indicator for the
Nordic Patent Institute
, an international organization common to Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.
[31]
- The code
XU
is being used by WIPO as an indicator for the
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants
.
- The code
XV
is being used by WIPO as an indicator for the
Visegrad Patent Institute
.
- The code
XX
is being used by WIPO as an indicator for unknown states, other entities or organizations.
- UN/LOCODE
assigns
XZ
to represent installations in
international waters
.
[7]
Furthermore, the code element
OO
is designated as an
escape code
if the number of regular user-assigned code elements is not sufficient.
[32]
Reserved code elements
[
edit
]
Reserved code elements are codes which have become obsolete, or are required in order to enable a particular user application of the standard but do not qualify for inclusion in ISO 3166-1. To avoid transitional application problems and to aid users who require specific additional code elements for the functioning of their coding systems, the ISO 3166/MA, when justified, reserves these codes which it undertakes not to use for other than specified purposes during a limited or indeterminate period of time. The reserved alpha-2 codes can be divided into the following four categories:
exceptional reservations
,
transitional reservations
,
indeterminate reservations
, and
codes currently agreed not to use
.
Exceptional reservations
[
edit
]
Exceptionally reserved code elements are codes reserved at the request of national ISO member bodies, governments and international organizations, which are required in order to support a particular application, as specified by the requesting body and limited to such use; any further use of such code elements is subject to approval by the ISO 3166/MA. The following alpha-2 codes are currently exceptionally reserved:
The following alpha-2 codes were previously exceptionally reserved, but are now officially assigned:
Code
|
Area name or country name
|
Notes
|
AX
|
Aland Islands
|
Reserved on request of
Finland
|
GG
|
Guernsey
|
Reserved on request of
UPU
for stamp issuing area
|
IM
|
Isle of Man
|
Reserved on request of
UPU
for stamp issuing area
|
JE
|
Jersey
|
Reserved on request of
UPU
for stamp issuing area
|
Transitional reservations
[
edit
]
Transitional reserved code elements are codes reserved after their deletion from ISO 3166-1. These codes may be used only during a transitional period of at least five years while new code elements that may have replaced them are taken into use. These codes may be reassigned by the ISO 3166/MA after the expiration of the transitional period. The following alpha-2 codes are currently transitionally reserved:
Code
|
Formerly used country name
|
Reserved from
|
Reserved to
|
ccTLD
|
ISO 3166-3
|
Notes
|
AN
|
Netherlands Antilles
|
2010-12
|
2060-12
|
.an
|
ANHH
|
Divided into
BQ
(
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
),
CW
(
Curacao
) and
SX
(Dutch part of
Sint Maarten
)
|
BU
|
Burma
|
1989-12
|
2039-12
|
?
|
BUMM
|
Name changed to
Myanmar
(
MM
)
|
CS
|
Originally
Czechoslovakia
, later
Serbia and Montenegro
|
2006-09
|
2056-09
|
(
.yu
)
|
CSHH
CSXX
|
Code taken from name in
Serbian
:
Srbija i Crna Gora
, for
Serbia and Montenegro
, which however is now divided into
Montenegro
(
ME
) and
Serbia
(
RS
).
(Though reserved, the ccTLD
.cs
was never actually assigned to Serbia and Montenegro; the ccTLD of Serbia and Montenegro was
.yu
, as that formerly unified country's name, and that of its larger predecessor, had previously been
Yugoslavia
.)
CS
originally represented
Czechoslovakia
. Its successor state Czechia uses
CZ
, and Slovakia
SK
.
|
NT
|
Neutral Zone
|
1993-07
|
2043-07
|
?
|
NTHH
|
Divided between Iraq (IQ) and Saudi Arabia (SA)
|
TP
|
East Timor
|
2002-05
|
2052-05
|
.tp
|
TPTL
|
Code taken from previous ISO country name:
Portuguese Timor
, name changed to
Timor-Leste
(
TL
)
|
YU
|
Yugoslavia
|
2003-07
|
2053-07
|
.yu
|
YUCS
|
Code used for the
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
before 1992 and the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
after 1992
|
ZR
|
Zaire
|
1997-07
|
2047-07
|
.zr
|
ZRCD
|
Name changed to
Congo, the Democratic Republic of the
(
CD
)
|
The following alpha-2 code was previously transitionally reserved, but was later reassigned to another country as its official code:
For each deleted alpha-2 code, an entry for the corresponding former country name is included in
ISO 3166-3
. Each entry is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code, where the first two letters are the deleted alpha-2 code.
Indeterminate reservations
[
edit
]
Indeterminately reserved code elements are
codes used to designate road vehicles
under the 1949 and
1968 United Nations Conventions on Road Traffic
but differing from those contained in ISO 3166-1. These code elements are expected eventually to be either eliminated or replaced by code elements within ISO 3166-1. In the meantime, the ISO 3166/MA has reserved such code elements for an indeterminate period. Any use beyond the application of the two Conventions is discouraged and will not be approved by the ISO 3166/MA. Moreover, these codes may be reassigned by the ISO 3166/MA at any time. The following alpha-2 codes are currently indeterminately reserved:
The following alpha-2 codes were previously indeterminately reserved, but have been reassigned to another country as its official code:
- Notes
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Code notified to United Nations Secretary-General under 1949 and/or 1968 Road Traffic Conventions
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Code in use for road transport purposes, but not notified to United Nations Secretary-General under 1949 Road Traffic Convention
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Code under 1949 Road Traffic Convention
- ^
a
b
Code under 1968 Road Traffic Convention
- ^
Code notified to United Nations Secretary-General under 1949 and/or 1968 Road Traffic Conventions.
Previously used in international postal codes and
vehicle registration codes
to represent Finland (code was not officially assigned), and the code was previously listed as transitionally reserved from 1995-09 until 2012-06.
Code taken from name in
Finnish
and
Swedish
combined:
Suomi
Finland
.
Codes currently agreed not to use
[
edit
]
In addition, the ISO 3166/MA will not use the following alpha-2 codes at the present stage, as they are used for international
intellectual property organizations
in
WIPO
Standard ST.3:
WIPO Standard ST.3 actually uses
EA
, instead of
EV
, to represent the
Eurasian Patent Organization
. However,
EA
was already
exceptionally reserved
by the ISO 3166/MA to represent
Ceuta
and
Melilla
for customs purposes. The ISO 3166/MA proposed in 1995 that
EV
be used by WIPO to represent the Eurasian Patent Organization; however, this request was not honoured by WIPO.
Deleted codes
[
edit
]
Besides the codes currently
transitionally reserved
and two other codes currently
exceptionally reserved
(
FX
for
France, Metropolitan
and
SU
for
USSR
), the following alpha-2 codes have also been deleted from ISO 3166-1:
[35]
For each deleted alpha-2 code, an entry for the corresponding former country name is included in
ISO 3166-3
. Each entry is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code, where the first two letters are the deleted alpha-2 code.
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
Sources and external links
[
edit
]
ISO 3166
? Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions
|
---|
|
ISO 3166-1
country codes
| |
---|
ISO 3166-2
country subdivision codes
| |
---|
ISO 3166-3
codes for former names of countries
| |
---|
- a
Changed from TP
- b
Changed from YU
|