??????????

?????????? ( engine ) ?????? ?????? ( motor ) ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????. ^[1]^[2]??? ??? ????????? ( ???????? ??????? ) ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????. ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????????. ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????. ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????????????? ?????????????????.

??????? ????? ??????? [ ???? ]

???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????????. ??????? ????????????? ?????????????, ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????????.

??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ???????????? ???????????. ????????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????. ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????.

?????????: ??? ??? ????????? ??????????, ???????, ????????, ?????, ?????????, ??????? ????? ?????????????????????.
??????: ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ???????????????????. ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????.
???????: ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????. ??????? ???????? 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 ??????? 12 ????????????? ???????????????. ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????; ??? ?????????, ??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????.

'???????' ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????????.

???????? ??????? [ ???? ]

?????????????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????????.

???????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????. ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????. ????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????.

???????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????. ???? ?????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????????????. ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???????????? ?????????????, ??????? ??????????? ?????????????????, ???????? ????? ??????.

??????? ????????? [ ???? ]

??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????. ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????. ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????????. ????????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????????????.

????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????.

?????????? ????? [ ???? ]

????????????? [ ???? ]

↑ "Motor" . Dictionary.reference.com . ????????????? ???? 2011-05-09 . a person or thing that imparts motion, esp. a contrivance, as a steam engine, that receives and modifies energy from some natural source in order to utilize it in driving machinery.
↑ Dictionary.com: (World heritage) "3. any device that converts another form of energy into mechanical energy so as to produce motion"

???????????? [ ???? ]

J. G. Landels, Engineering in the Ancient World , ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-520-04127-5

???? ???????????? [ ???? ]

???????????? engine ??????? ???????? ???????????.

???????????? motor ??????? ???????? ???????????.

U.S. Patent 1,94,047
Detailed Engine Animations ????????????? 2017-06-25 at the ??????? ?????????
How Car Engines Work
Animated Engines, four-stroke ????????????? 2011-11-10 at the ??????? ????????? another explanation of the four-stroke engine
CDX e Textbook ????????????? 2006-09-29 at the ??????? ????????? ? some videos of car components in action
Video from inside a four-stroke engine cylinder .
Working 4-Stroke Engine - Animation
Animated illustrations of various engines
Aircraft Engine Photographic Reference ????????????? 2013-03-11 at the ??????? ????????? ? includes specifications
JDM B16a Engines Information Site ????????????? 2013-05-16 at the ??????? ?????????
Kinematic Models for Design Digital Library (KMODDL) - Movies and photos of hundreds of working mechanical-systems models at Cornell University. Also includes an e-book library of classic texts on mechanical design and engineering.
5 Ways to Redesign the Internal Combustion Engine

[1] "Motor" . Dictionary.reference.com . ????????????? ???? 2011-05-09 . a person or thing that imparts motion, esp. a contrivance, as a steam engine, that receives and modifies energy from some natural source in order to utilize it in driving machinery.

[2] Dictionary.com: (World heritage) "3. any device that converts another form of energy into mechanical energy so as to produce motion"

[1]

[2]