HIV/AIDS
Synonyms	HIV disease, HIV infection [1] [2] [3]
The reid reebin is a seembol for solidarity wi HIV-positive fowk an thae leevin wi AIDS. [4]
Specialty	Infectious disease
Symptoms	Early : flu lik illness [5] Later : Lairge lymph nodes , fiver, wecht loss [5]
Complications	Opportunistic infections , tumors [5]
Duration	Lang term [5]
Causes	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [5]
Risk factors	Exposur tae bluid, breast milk, sex [5]
Diagnostic method	Bluid tests [5]
Prevention	Sauf sex , needle exchynge , male circumcision [5]
Treatment	Antiretroviral therapy [5]
Prognosis	Near normal life expectancy wi treatment [6] [7]
Frequency	1.8 million new cases (2016) [8] 36.7 million living with HIV (2016) [8]
Daiths	1.0 million (2016) [8]
[ edit on Wikidata ]

Human immunodeficiency virus infection an acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( HIV/AIDS ) is a spectrum o condeetions caused bi infection wi the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). ^{[9] [10] [11]} Follaein ineetial infection, a person mey nae notice ony symptoms or mey experience a brief period o influenza-lik illness . ^[5] Teepically, this is follaed bi a prolonged period wi na symptoms. ^[6] As the infection progresses, it interferes mair wi the immune seestem , increasin the risk o common infections lik tuberculosis , as well as ither opportunistic infections , an tumors that rarely affect fowk that hae wirkin immune seestems. ^[5] Thir late symptoms o infection are referred tae as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). ^[6] This stage is eften an aa associatit wi wecht loss . ^[6]

HIV is spread primarily bi unpertectit sex (includin anal an oral sex ), contaminatit bluid transfusions , hypodermic needles , an frae mither tae bairn in pregnancy , delivery, or breastfeedin. ^[12] Some bodily fluids, sic as saliva an tears, dae nae transmit HIV. ^[13] Methods o prevention include sauf sex , needle exchynge programmes , treatin thae that are infectit , an male circumcision . ^[5] Disease in a baby can eften be preventit bi giein baith the mither an bairn antiretroviral medication . ^[5] Thare is na cure or vaccine ; houiver, antiretroviral treatment can slaw the coorse o the disease an mey lead tae a near-normal life expectancy. ^{[6] [7]} Treatment is recommendit as suin as the diagnosis is made. ^[14] Withoot treatment, the average survival time efter infection is 11 years. ^[15]

In 2016 aboot 36.7 million fowk war leevin wi HIV an it resultit in 1 million daiths. ^[16] Thare war 300,000 fewer new HIV cases in 2016 nor in 2015. ^[17] Maist o thae infectit live in sub-Saharan Africae . ^[5] Atween its diskivery an 2014 AIDS haes caused an estimatit 39 million daiths warldwide. ^[18] HIV/AIDS is conseedert a pandemic ?a disease ootbrak that is present ower a lairge aurie an is actively spreidin. ^[19] HIV is believed tae hae oreeginatit in wast-central Africae in the late 19t or early 20t century. ^[20] AIDS wis first recognised bi the Unitit States Centres for Disease Control an Prevention (CDC) in 1981 an its cause?HIV infection?wis identifee'd in the early pairt o the decade. ^[21]

HIV/AIDS haes haed a great impact on society, baith as an illness an as a soorce o discrimination . ^[22] The disease an aa haes lairge economic impacts . ^[22] Thare are mony misconceptions aboot HIV/AIDS sic as the belief that it can be transmittit bi casual non-sexual contact. ^[23] The disease haes acome subject tae mony controversies involvin releegion includin the Catholic Kirk's poseetion nae tae support condom uise as prevention. ^[24] It haes attractit internaitional medical an poleetical attention as weel as lairge-scale fundin syne it wis identifee'd in the 1980s. ^[25]

References [ eedit | eedit soorce ]