Botha, P. W. (Pieter Willem)
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South Africa. Dept. of Community Development. Community development in the Republic of South Africa, 1963.
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Enc. Brit. online, July 13 2006
(Botha, P(ieter) W(illem), first state president of South Africa, Sept. 1984-Aug. 1989)
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Co-operative co-existence, 1985:
p. 1 (P.W. Botha, state president, Republic of South Africa)
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New York times WWW site, Nov. 1, 2006
(P.W. Botha; b. Pieter Willem Botha, Jan. 12, 1916, Orange Free State; d. yesterday [Oct. 31, 2006], aged 90; South African leader who struggled vainly to preserve apartheid rule in a tide of domestic racial violence and global condemnation)
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Dictionary of African Biography, accessed December 21, 2014, via Oxford African American Studies Center database:
(Botha, Pieter Willem; P.W. or Die Groot Krokodil (The Great Crocodile); political activist, president, prime minister, Afrikaner nationalist; born 12 January 1916 in South Africa; completed his education in the early 1930s; worked as a reporter and a National Party organizer in South Africa's Western Province; elected to Parliament as a National Party representative (1948); was appointed Deputy Interior Minister (1958); became Prime Minister John Vorster's Defense Minister (1966); elected as the country's ninth prime minister (1978-1984) and executive state President (1984-1989); tried unsuccessfully to regain power in 1989 before resigning abruptly refused to cooperate with the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1999; while in power he tried to reform race relations in South Africa; implemented constitutional reforms that established a Tricameral Parliament; accelerated the so-called Bantustan plan, granting nominal independence to three tribal nations, while secretly authorizing military action against black activists at home and abroad; his initiatives amplified antiapartheid criticism around the world; died 31 October 2006 in Wilderness, South Africa)
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1982-02-11
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new
2015-12-15
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revised
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