Ki?ng-tong-the

Ki?ng-tong-the ( Eng-gi : community " Oa-im: " kom-mu-ni-tih " "), chiau tiuⁿ-ha?p ia?h ? si?-li , si?-khu , si?-kun teng kong-hoat, s? t?a-sio put-teng e si?-h?e tan-goan, i? ti? s? lang e kun-the, chia-e lang ? chi?t koa kong-ke e seng-chit, pi-l?n kui-ho?n , chong-kau , ke-ta?t , he?k-chia s? tong-it-seng ( identity ). Ki?ng-tong-the it-poaⁿ s? kian-li?p t? it-t?ng ho?n-ui e te-li khu-he?k, chhi?ⁿ kok-ka , chng-si? , chh?-t?n , ia?h lin-li ; m? thang keng-koe thong-sin, t? hi-gi ( virtual ) e khong-kan lai san-seng.

Khai-li?m [ siu-kai | kai goan-si-be ]

Gemeinschaft kap Gesellschaft [ siu-kai | kai goan-si-be ]

Tek-kok si?-h?e-ha?k-chia Ferdinand Tonnies ki lang e cho?-chit ? nn?g khoan heng-sek: Gemeinschaft (?-tang hoan-e?k cho "ki?ng-tong-the") kap Gesellschaft (thang hoan-e?k cho "si?-h?e" ia?h "cho?-ha?p"). Tonnies the-chhut Gemeinschaft?Gesellschaft j?-hun-hoat lai su-kho si?-h?e ti-toa ( social ties ). Gemeinschaft s? khah ti?ng ko-jin chi kan e si?-h?e sio-chok-i?ng ( social interaction ), kap kak-sek ( role ), ke-ta?t, koh ? chia sio-chok-i?ng cho ki-chho? e sin-li?m. Gesellschaft khah ti?ng hui ti?t-chiap e sio-chok-i?ng, hui ko-jin e kak-sek, cheng-sek e ke-ta?t, kap chia sio-chok-i?ng cho ki-chho? e sin-li?m. Chong-s? hi?n-si?t tang-tiong s? bo tan-sun sio?k ki-tiong chi?t khoan e kun-the. ^[1]

Heng-sek [ siu-kai | kai goan-si-be ]

? ch? khoan li-l?? lai k? ki?ng-tong-the hun-l?i, pau-koat:

Ch?-chi ki-chho? e ki?ng-tong-the ( Location-based Communities ): ham t?-hng lin-li , chh?-g?a , chng-si? , ke-chh? , siaⁿ-chh? , t?-he?k, kok ( nation ) s?m-chi s? kui lia?p he?k-chheⁿ . Chia khoan h? cho so?-ch?i e ki?ng-tong-the ( communities of place ).
Tong-it-seng ki-chho? e ki?ng-tong-the ( Identity-based Communities ): ham t?-hng hiong-tong ( clique ), chhu-bun-hoa, cho?k-kun ( ethnic group ), chong-kau , to-bun-hoa ia?h to-goan-l?n bun-beng, he?k-chia s? choan-kiu-hoa ki?ng-tong-the bun-hoa teng khoan. In thang koh ka-ji?p khiam-?ng e ki?ng-tong-the ( communities of need ) ia?h j?n-tong ( identity ), pi-l?n chiong-g?i-chia ia?h l?u-hoe-lang .
Cho?-chit ki-chho? e ki?ng-tong-the ( Organizationally based Communities ): ham tui ka-cho?k e hui-cheng-sek cho?-chit ia?h si?-h?e b?ng-l?? cho ki-chho? e kong-h?e kap cho?-ha?p, koh ? cheng-sek e kong-si cho?-ha?p, cheng-t? koat-t?ng ko?-ch?, keng-che khi-gia?p, ia?h choan-gia?p cho?-ha?p, ? sio-heng, kok-ka, ia?h ? kok-che-seng--e.

Chham-chiau [ siu-kai | kai goan-si-be ]

↑ Tonnies, Ferdinand (1887). Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft , Leipzig: Fues's Verlag. An English translation of the 8th edition 1935 by Charles P. Loomis appeared in 1940 as Fundamental Concepts of Sociology (Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft) , New York: American Book Co.; in 1955 as Community and Association (Gemeinschaft und gesellschaft [sic] ) , London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; and in 1957 as Community and Society , East Lansing: Michigan State U.P. Loomis includes as an Introduction, representing Tonnies' "most recent thinking", his 1931 article "Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft" in Handworterbuch der Soziologie (Stuttgart, Enke V.).

[1] Tonnies, Ferdinand (1887). Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft , Leipzig: Fues's Verlag. An English translation of the 8th edition 1935 by Charles P. Loomis appeared in 1940 as Fundamental Concepts of Sociology (Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft) , New York: American Book Co.; in 1955 as Community and Association (Gemeinschaft und gesellschaft [sic] ) , London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; and in 1957 as Community and Society , East Lansing: Michigan State U.P. Loomis includes as an Introduction, representing Tonnies' "most recent thinking", his 1931 article "Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft" in Handworterbuch der Soziologie (Stuttgart, Enke V.).

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