Khiu-moo-lo-si?p

Khiu-moo-lo-si?p
Khiu-moo-lo-si?p
	; Tiong-kok Sin-kiong Kuqa-ko?n Kizil Tshen-hu?t-t?ng [ en ] thau-tsing e Kum?raj?va sok-si?ng [ en ] .
Chhut-si	344 SL ; Kutsi ong-kok (tsit-ma Tiong-kok Kuqa-ko?n )
Koe-sin	413 SL ; Hi?-tsin Tiong-an (tsit-ma Tiong-kok Se-an )
Chit-gia?p	hue-si?n [ en ] , ha?k-tsia [ en ] , huan-i?k-tsia , h?m tiat-ha?k-chia [ en ]
Tu-mia	K? tsian-ts? hu?n-bun e hu?t-king huan-i?k tso han-bun , m?-s? T?i-sing hu?t-kau [ en ] Sam-l?n tsong [ en ] e tshong-su-jin.

Khiu-moo-lo-si?p ( devan?gar? [ en ] : ????????, IAST [ en ] : Kum?raj?va; 鳩摩羅什， 344 – 413 ) ^[1] lai-ts? Kutsi (kin-a-ji?t e Tiong-kok Sin-kiong Aksu T?-khu ) e Hu?t-kau tsing-jin [ en ] , tsau-thiau teh Tong Chin Ngo?-o? Si?p-lio?k-kok e si-ki, s? han-thuan hu?t-kau tshut-mia e i?k-su [ en ] . Kum?raj?va m? hong khuan-tso Tiong-kok e Hu?t-kau si?ng ui-t?i e huan-i?k-tsia tsi-it. Lio?k sing [ en ] j?m-ui: Kum?raj?va e huan-i?k "Bo-l?n teh huan-i?k e ki-kha si?ng, iah-s? teh tiong-si?t-t?o ting-kuan; long-s? h?o-lang b? pi-ph?ng-e?. ^[2] Kum?raj?va huan-i?k e tu-tsok ? Kim-kong king [ en ] , Huat-hua king [ en ] , Tiong l?n [ en ] , Tu? ti-t?o l?n ting-ting king-ten.

Kum?raj?va thau-sing s? o?h Sarvastivada [ en ] e kau-huat, liau-?u si-tsiong Buddhasvamin [ en ] (tsing-jin); tsue-?u tsian-tso tsi?t-e t?i-sing hu?t-kau [ en ] e sin-too, ha?k-sip Nagarjuna (Liong-tshi?) tiong-kuan ha?k-phai [ en ] e kau-g?. Teh tsiang-ak tiong-bun liau-?u, Kum?raj?va tsi? t?ng-ku t? Tiong-an (t?i-iok kong-guan 401-ni), tsian-tso tsi?t-e huan-i?k-tsia h?m ha?k-tsia. ^[3] Kum?raj?va s? tsi?t-e huan-i?k thuan-tu? e h?-tsik-jin, ki-tiong e huan-i?k-tsia h?m tsing-jin pau-kua i-e t?i-su [ en ] Sing U? [ en ] . ^[4] Tsit-e huan-i?k thuan-tu? h?-tsik k? tsian-ts? hu?n-bun hu?t-king huan-i?k tso han-bun . Kum?raj?va koh-k? hu?t-kau tet-ha?k l?i-te e tiong-kuan ha?k-phai [ en ] in-ji?p tiong-kok , ?u-lai hong kio-tso Sam-l?n tsong [ en ] . ^[5]

Tsu-kai [ siu-kai | kai goan-si-be ]

↑ Pollard 2015 , p. 287.
↑ Beeby Lonsdale, Allison; Ensinger, Doris; Presas, Marisa (2000). Investigating Translation: Selected Papers from the 4th International Congress on Translation, Barcelona, 1998, p. 48. John Benjamins Publishing. (Eng-gi)
↑ Rahul, Ram (2000). March of Central Asia, p. 83. Indus Publishing.
↑ Lai, Whalen (1991). "Tao Sheng's Theory of Sudden Enlightenment Re-examined". In Gregory, Peter N. Sudden and Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. p. 180 (Eng-gi)
↑ Mair, Victor H.; Sanping Chen, Wood, Frances (2013). Chinese Lives: The People Who Made a Civilization, #28, Kumarajiva. Thames & Hudson. (Eng-gi)

Tsham-kho bun-hian [ siu-kai | kai goan-si-be ]

Chandra, Moti (1977), Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India , Abhinav Publications, ISBN 9788170170556 (Eng-gi)
Eitel, E.J.; Edkins, Joseph (1871), "Handbook for the Student of Chinese Buddhism" , The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal , FOOCHOW.: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 3 : 217 (Eng-gi)
Kumar, Yukteshwar (2005), A History of Sino-Indian Relations , APH Publishing Corporation, ISBN 978-8176487986 (Eng-gi)
Lu, Yang (2004), "Narrative and Historicity in the Buddhist Biographies of Early Medieval China: The Case of Kum?raj?va" , Asia Major , Third Series, 17 (2): 1?43, goan-lo?-iong t? 2022-10-07 h?ng kho?-pih , 2022-05-17 khoaⁿ--e (Eng-gi)
Nan, Huai-Chin (1998), Basic Buddhism: Exploring Buddhism and Zen , ISBN 978-1578630202 (Eng-gi)
Nattier, Jan (1992), "The Heart Sutra: A Chinese Apocryphal Text?" , Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies , 15 (2): 153?223, goan-lo?-iong t? 2013-10-29 h?ng kho?-pih , 2022-05-17 khoaⁿ--e (Eng-gi)
Nattier, Jan (2005), A Few Good Men: The Bodhisattva Path according to The Inquiry of Ugra (Ugraparip?cch?) , University of Hawaii Press , ISBN 978-0824830038 (Eng-gi)
Pollard, Elizabeth (2015), Worlds Together Worlds Apart , New York: W.W. Norton Company Inc, p. 287, ISBN 978-0-393-91847-2 (Eng-gi)
Puri, B. N. (1987), Buddhism in Central Asia , Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited , ISBN 978-8120803725 (Eng-gi)
Singh, Upinder (2009), A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century , Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131716779 (Eng-gi)
Smith, David Howard (1971), Chinese Religions From 1000 B.C. to the Present Day , Weidenfeld & Nicolson (Eng-gi)
Wu, Ching-hsing (1938), "Some Notes on Kao Seng Chuan" , T'ien Hsia Monthly , Kelly and Walsh, ltd., 7 (Eng-gi)
Zurcher, Erik (2007) The Buddhist Conquest of China: The Spread and Adaptation of Buddhism in Early Medieval China. BRILL. (Eng-gi)
This article incorporates text from The Chinese recorder and missionary journal, Volume 3 , a publication from 1871, now in the public domain in the United States. (Eng-gi)

Tsham-ua?t [ siu-kai | kai goan-si-be ]

Gutenberg ke-u? [ en ] (Project Gutenberg)
Ivrit e ho?k-heng (ivrit e ho?k-hing, hi-pek-lai-gi e ho?k-hing; eng-gi : Revival of the Hebrew language)
Si-su-ha?k ( eng-gi : lexicography)
lan ( eng-gi : we)
Mia-j? (mia-g?; eng-gi : given name)

Gu?-p?o len-ket [ siu-kai | kai goan-si-be ]

T? Wikimedia Commons teng e siong-koan tong-an: Kumarajiva

[1] t? Project Gutenberg e chok-phin (Eng-gi)
Khiu-moo-lo-si?p t? Internet Archive e chok-phin (Eng-gi)

[FOOTNOTEPollard2015287-1] Pollard 2015 , p. 287.

[2] Beeby Lonsdale, Allison; Ensinger, Doris; Presas, Marisa (2000). Investigating Translation: Selected Papers from the 4th International Congress on Translation, Barcelona, 1998, p. 48. John Benjamins Publishing. (Eng-gi)

[3] Rahul, Ram (2000). March of Central Asia, p. 83. Indus Publishing.

[4] Lai, Whalen (1991). "Tao Sheng's Theory of Sudden Enlightenment Re-examined". In Gregory, Peter N. Sudden and Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. p. 180 (Eng-gi)

[:0-5] Mair, Victor H.; Sanping Chen, Wood, Frances (2013). Chinese Lives: The People Who Made a Civilization, #28, Kumarajiva. Thames & Hudson. (Eng-gi)

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