?? ????????? ?????????? ( ??????? : 文化大革命) ??? ?????? ? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????'? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 1966 ??? 1976. ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? , ???????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????, ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????. ?? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????????.

????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???. ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???.

?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ????. ?? ??? ????????? ??? 1966. ??? ??? ??????'? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????, ???? ??? ?????????????? ??????????. ????'? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?'??? ??????'? ???????? ??????.

?? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ? ?????? ????? ???? ????'? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ??? ???????? ???.

???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????, ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????. ???? ???????? ??? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???. ??? ???? ??? ?? ???, ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???, ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????????.

??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? 1969.