?????????
????? ?????????
??? (
???????
:
Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria von Osterreich-Este
) ??????? (
18 ????????
1863
-
28 ????
1914
), ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ??????
????? ?????
. ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???
??????? ?????????? ????????
, ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ???
?????? ????? ????
.
????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????
18 ????????
1863
??? ??? ????
????
, ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ???
??????? ?????????? ????????
, ??? ????????? ???? ???????, ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ?????????, ????????? ??? ?? ????? ????????, ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????, ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????????, ??? ????? ??????, ?? ??????????? ??? ???????.
????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????????, ???? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ????????-???? ?????-????? ?????? ??? ???
1889
, ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???
1896
??? ?? ?????-????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????.
??? ???
1900
??? ?? ???????? ??
???????
???????? ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?'??? ?????? ? ??????????? ????? (?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????, ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????????), ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????'? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????.
28??? ????
1914
, ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???
?????????
, ?? ????????? ???
?????? ??? ????????????
, ??? ??? ????????
???????????
????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????, ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ??????? ?????, ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???. ??? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????, ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??'????'? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ???? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????, ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????, ???????????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????. ? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ???????-????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????
?????????
, ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ? ???????.
- ?????, ????????? ??? ????????? (
1901
?
1990
)
- ???????????, ?????? ??? ????????? (
1902
?
1962
)
- ??????, ????? ??? ????????? (
1904
?
1954
)
- ? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? (
1908
)