?????????
??????? ??? 16
??????
(
???????
:
Land
???
Lander
????
Bundesland
/
Bundeslander
) ???? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????????.
????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???
???????? ????? ?????
??? 1949, ???? ?'??? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????. ??? 1952 ??? ??? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? (????, ??????????-???? ??? ??????????-???????????) ?? ???? ????-??????????. ??? 1957 ??? ?? ??? ???????????, ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????, ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ???
???????
. ??? 1990 ????? ?? ??????????? ????
??????
??? ?? ????????? ??? ???
????????? ???????????? ????????
?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????.
| ??? ??? ????
|
?????????
|
???????????
|
??? ??? ?"?²
|
??????? ? ???? ??? ???
????????? ????????
|
?????-?????
Niedersachsen
|
????????
|
7,980,470
|
47,616
|
1949
|
????-??????????
Baden-Wurttemberg
|
????????
|
10,661,320
|
35,752
|
1952
|
??????
Bayern
|
?????
|
12,387,351
|
70,550
|
1949
|
??????
Berlin
|
??????
|
3,392,425
|
892
|
1990
|
??????????
Brandenburg
|
????????
|
2,582,380
|
29,476
|
1990
|
??????
Bremen
|
??????
|
662,100
|
404
|
1949
|
???????
Hamburg
|
???????
|
1,728,800
|
755
|
1949
|
????
Hessen
|
????????
|
6,911,620
|
21,114
|
1949
|
?????
Sachsen
|
??????
|
4,349,060
|
18,413
|
1990
|
?????-??????
Sachsen-Anhalt
|
?????????
|
2,548,911
|
20,447
|
1990
|
???????
Saarland
|
????????
|
1,064,988
|
2,568
|
1957
|
????????
Thuringen
|
??????
|
2,392,040
|
16,172
|
1990
|
??????????-???? ?????????
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
|
???????
|
1,744,620
|
23,173
|
1990
|
???? ????-??????????
Nordrhein-Westfalen
|
????????
|
18,076,355
|
34,082
|
1949
|
????????-????
Rheinland-Pfalz
|
?????
|
4,057,730
|
19,847
|
1949
|
????????-????????
Schleswig-Holstein
|
???
|
2,816,507
|
15,761
|
1949
|
