?????? ?? ??????
(
????.
Marvin Lee Minsky; ?.
9 ????????????
,
1927
,
???-?????
,
???-?????
,
???
? ?.
24 ???????
,
2016
,
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,
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, ???) ?
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,
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??
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???????????,
???????????? ??????????? ??????????
????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??
????????? ???????
????????.
?????? ??????? ?????? 1927 ????? 9 ?????????????, ???? ???-??????
???????
??????. ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????. 1944-1945 ?????? ?????? ??????????
???????? ????? ???????
. 1950 ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????,
????????? ?????????????
. ???????? ?????????? ????? 1954 ?????
?????????? ?????????????
. ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ??
???????????? ??????????? ??????????
. 1958 ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????. 1959 ????? ??????? ??
??? ????????
?????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????????. ?????? ?????? ???
?????? ????????
1968 ????? ???????? ??????
2001: ????????? ???????
???????????. 2002 ????? ??????? ?????? 100,000 ??????? ??????
????? ?????????
???????. ?????? ??????? ???? 2016 ????? ????????, 88 ??????, ???????????? ???? ???????.
?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? (1963) ??
??????????? ??????????
(1957). ?????? ???????,
????? ?????????
??? ????, ???????? ??????
????????????? ???? ?????
??????
"Turtle"
. 1951 ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????
SNARC
. 1969 ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? "?????????????", ????? ?? ?????????????? ???????
????????? ????????? ???????
?????????. 1970-??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????
????? ????????
??????????. ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????. 1986 ????? ??????? ????????? ?????
"????? ???????"
, ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????. 2006 ????? ??????? ????????? ?????
"????????? ???????"
, ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??????????.
?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????. 1969 ????? ??????
????????? ??????
, 1990 ?????
???????? ??????
, 1995 ?????
???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????
?? ?????? ??????, 2000 ????? ????? ??????, 2001 ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? 2014 ?????
??? ??????? ??????
. ?????? ??? ????????
???????????? ???????? ?????????
?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????.
- 1967 ?
Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines
, Prentice-Hall
- 1986 ?
The Society of Mind
- 2006 ?
The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind
