Imalariya
|
Iplasmodiyam
esuka kumathe emazi yengcongconi anqumleza kwiseli yengcongconi.
|
Uhlelo nezibonelelo zangaphandle
|
ICD/CIM-10
| B
50
-
B
54
B
50
-
B
54
|
ICD/CIM-9
| 084
084
|
OMIM
| 248310
|
DiseasesDB
| 7728
|
MedlinePlus
| 000621
|
Imalariya
sisifo esisuka kwiingcongconi esosulelayo
esiba sebantwini nakwezinye izilwanyana esibangelwa
zizimfimfithi-gazi
(uhlobo lweseli enye
izinambuzane
)
zePlasmodiyam
.
[1]
Imalariya ibangela iimpawu ezidla ngokuquka
ifiva
,
ukudinwa
,
ukugabha
intloko ebuhlungu
. Kwiimeko ezimandla inokubangela
ulusu olutyheli
,
ukugula
,
ikoma
okanye
ukufa
.
[2]
Ezi mpawu zidla ngokuqala kwiintsuku ezilishumi okanye ezilishumi elinesihlanu emva kokuba ulunyiwe. Kwabo bangakhange banyangwe kakuhle isifo sinokuphinda sibuye kwiinyanga kamva.
[1]
Kwabo basandul' ukusinda kwisifo, ukosuleleka kwakhona kudla ngokubangela iimpawu ezingekho mandla noko. Oku
kukhuseleka
kwexeshana kudla ngokuplhela ngokuhamba kweenyanga ukuya kwiminyaka ukuba akuchanabeki ngokuqhubekayo kwimalariya.
[2]
Ngokuqhelekileyo, esi sifo sidluliselwa kukulunywa yimazi yengcongconi
Anopheles
enesi sifo. Oku kulunywa kufaka izimfimfithi-gazi ezikumathe engcongconi
kwigazi
lomntu lowo.
[1]
Izimfimfithi-gazi ziya esibindini apho zithi zikhule zize zizale. Iindidi ezintlanu
zePlasmodiyam
zinokosulela zize zisasazwe ngabantu.
[2]
Ubukhulu becala ukufa kunokubangelwa yi
P. falciparum
ene
P. vivax
,
P. ovale
,kunye
P. malariae
ngokuqhelekileyo ibangela uhlobo olungekho mandla lwemalariya.
[1]
[2]
Udidi
P. knowlesi
alufane lubangele isifo ebantwini.
[1]
Imalariya idla ngokufunyaniswa ngohlolo lwemayikroskopu lwegazi kusetyenziswa
iifilimu zegazi
, okanye
ezine-antigen
uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lokufumanisa
.
[2]
Iindlela ezisebenzisa
iziganeko ezilandelelanayo zepolymerase
zokufumanisa
iDNA
yezimfimfithi-gazi ziye zaveliswa, kodwa azisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo apho imalariya
igqugqisileyo
ngenxa yeendleko zayo nokuntsonkotha kwayo.
[3]
Ingozi yezifo inokuncitshiswa ngokuthintela ukulunywa yingcongconi ngokusebenzisa
inethi yengcongconi
kunye
nezinto zokugxotha izinambuzane
, okanye ngeendlela zokulawula iingcongoni njengokutsutsuza
zinto zokubulala izinambuzane
nokuvula iidreyini zamanzi amileyo.
[2]
Kukho amayeza awahlukeneyo
okuthintela imalariya
kubakhenkethi abaya kwiindawo ezigcwele esi sifo. Ukufumana la mayeza ngamaxesha athile
sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine
kuyanconyelwa
kwiintsana
nasemva
kwekota yokuqala
yokukhulelwa
kwiindawo ezinengozi enkulu yemalariya. Nakuba kukho imfuneko, asikho
isitofu
esisebenzayo, nakuba kuqhubeka kusenziwa imigudu yokusivelisa.
[1]
Unyango olunconyelwayo lwemalariya ngumxube
wamayeza alwa nemalariya
aquka
i-artemisinin
.
[1]
[2]
Iyeza lesibini linokuba
yimefloquine
,
ilumefantrine
, okanye isulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.
[4]
Quinine
kwakunye
nedoxycycline
inokusetyenziswa ukuba i-artemisinin ayifumaneki.
[4]
Kunconyelwa ukuba kwiindawo apho esi sifo sixhaphakileyo, imalariya iqinisekiswe ukuba kunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukunyangwa ngenxa yenkxalabo yokwanda
kokuxhathisa amayeza
. Amayeza amaninzi alwa nemalariya sele iwaxhathisa; ngokomzekelo, exhathisa
ichloroquine
P. falciparum
sele inwenwele kwiindawo ezininzi ezinemalariya, yaye ukuxhathiswa kwe-artemisinin sele kuyingxaki kwezinye iindawo zoMzantsi-mpuma Asia.
[1]
Esi sifo sinwenwele
kwiiTropiki
kunye
nemimandla esezantsi kwetropiki
ekhoyo ngokubanzi engqonge
i-ikhweyitha
.
[2]
Oku kuquka ummandla omkhulu [weAfrika Esezantsi KweSahara]],
iAsia
, kunye [ne[Latin America]].
IWorld Health Organization
iqikelela ukuba ngo-2012, kwakukho abantu abazizigidi eziyi-207 ababenemalariya. ngaloo nyaka kuqikelelwa ukuba esi sifo sabulala phakathi kwe-473,000 ne-789,000 yabantu, uninzi lwabo ingabantwana baseAfrika.
[1]
Imalariya idla ngokunxulunyaniswa nobuhlwempu yaye inefuthe elingelihle kakhulu
kuhlumo loqoqosho
.
[5]
[6]
EAfrika kuqikelelwa ukuba ibangela ilahleko eyi-$12 bhiliyoni USD ngonyaka ngenxa yeendleko zonyango, ukungakwazi ukusebenza negalelo layo kukhenketho.
[7]
- ↑
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
"Malaria Fact sheet N°94"
WHO
March 2014
retrieved 28 August 2014
- ↑
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Caraballo, Hector (May 2014)
"Emergency Department Management Of Mosquito-Borne Illness: Malaria, Dengue, And West Nile Virus"
Emergency Medicine Practice
16
(5)
- ↑
Nadjm B, Behrens RH (2012) "Malaria: An update for physicians"
Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
26
(2): 243?59
PMID
22632637
doi
:
10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010
- ↑
4.0
4.1
Organization, World Health (2010)
Guidelines for the treatment of malaria
(2nd ed. ed.) Geneva: World Health Organization p. ix
ISBN
9789241547925
- ↑
Gollin D, Zimmermann C (August 2007)
Malaria: Disease Impacts and Long-Run Income Differences
(PDF)
Institute for the Study of Labor
- ↑
Worrall E, Basu S, Hanson K (2005) "Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature"
Tropical Health and Medicine
10
(10): 1047?59
PMID
16185240
doi
:
10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01476.x
- ↑
Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA (2005) "Malaria"
Lancet
365
(9469): 1487?98
PMID
15850634
doi
:
10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66420-3
Malaria