Salyut
1
|
U.S.S.R.
|
April 19, 1971
|
October 11, 1971
|
23 (1)
|
first space station, equipped for scientific studies; abandoned after its first crew died returning to Earth
|
Salyut
2
|
U.S.S.R.
|
April 3, 1973
|
May 28, 1973
|
0
|
military reconnaissance platform; suffered explosion after achieving orbit and was never occupied
|
Cosmos 557
|
U.S.S.R.
|
May 11, 1973
|
May 22, 1973
|
0
|
scientific station; crippled after achieving orbit and was never occupied
|
Skylab
|
U.S.
|
May 14, 1973
|
July 11, 1979
|
171 (3)
|
first U.S. space station; successfully supported solar studies and biomedical experiments on the effects of weightlessness
|
Salyut
3
|
U.S.S.R.
|
June 25, 1974
|
January 24, 1975
|
16 (1)
|
military reconnaissance platform
|
Salyut
4
|
U.S.S.R.
|
December 26, 1974
|
February 3, 1977
|
93 (2)
|
scientific station; operated until its systems were exhausted
|
Salyut
5
|
U.S.S.R.
|
June 22, 1976
|
August 8, 1977
|
67 (2)
|
military reconnaissance platform
|
Salyut
6
|
U.S.S.R.
|
September 29, 1977
|
July 29, 1982
|
684 (6)
|
first second-generation Salyut, operated as highly successful scientific station; resident crews hosted a series of international visitors
|
Salyut
7
|
U.S.S.R.
|
April 19, 1982
|
February 2, 1991
|
815 (5)
|
problem-plagued follow-up to Salyut 6 that had to be repeatedly rescued
|
Mir
(modular)
|
U.S.S.R./Russia
|
?
|
March 23, 2001
|
occupied March 14, 1986, to June 15, 2000 (continuously from September 7, 1989, to August 28, 1999)
|
first space station assembled in orbit using individually launched, specialized modules; successfully applied lessons learned from Salyut program
|
Mir base block
|
?
|
February 20, 1986
|
?
|
?
|
habitat module
|
Kvant 1
|
?
|
March 31, 1987
|
?
|
?
|
astrophysics observatory with X-ray telescopes
|
Kvant 2
|
?
|
November 26, 1989
|
?
|
?
|
supplementary life-support systems and large air lock
|
Kristall
|
?
|
May 31, 1990
|
?
|
?
|
microgravity materials-processing laboratory
|
Spektr
|
?
|
May 20, 1995
|
?
|
?
|
module with apparatus for NASA research
|
Priroda
|
?
|
April 23, 1996
|
?
|
?
|
module with NASA apparatus and Earth-sciences sensors
|
International Space Station
(modular)
|
international consortium, primarily U.S. and Russia
|
?
|
?
|
permanently occupied since November 2, 2000
|
modular, expandable station intended to serve world's space agencies for first quarter of 21st century
|
Zarya
|
Russia
|
November 20, 1998
|
?
|
?
|
U.S.-funded, Russian-built module supplying initial solar power and attitude-control system
|
Unity
|
U.S.
|
December 4, 1998
|
?
|
?
|
U.S.-built connecting node
|
Zvezda
|
Russia
|
July 2, 2000
|
?
|
?
|
Russian-built habitat module and control centre
|
Destiny
|
U.S.
|
February 7, 2001
|
?
|
?
|
U.S.-built NASA microgravity laboratory
|
Quest
|
U.S.
|
July 12, 2001
|
?
|
?
|
U.S.-built air lock, allowing station-based space walks for U.S. and Russian astronauts
|
Pirs
|
Russia
|
September 14, 2001
|
?
|
?
|
Russian-built docking compartment, providing Soyuz docking port and additional air lock for Russian space walks
|
Harmony
|
U.S.
|
October 23, 2007
|
?
|
?
|
U.S.-built connecting node
|
Columbus
|
U.S.
|
February 7, 2008
|
|
|
European Space Agency
-built microgravity laboratory
|
Kibo
|
U.S.
|
March 11, 2008; May 31, 2008
|
|
|
Japanese-built microgravity laboratory
|
Dextre
|
U.S.
|
March 11, 2008
|
|
|
Canadian-built robot
|
Mini-Research Module-2
|
Russia
|
November 10, 2009
|
?
|
?
|
Russian-built docking compartment, providing Soyuz docking port and additional air lock for Russian space walks
|
Tranquility
|
U.S.
|
February 8, 2010
|
?
|
?
|
U.S.-built connecting node
|
Mini-Research Module-1
|
U.S.
|
May 14, 2010
|
?
|
?
|
Russian-built docking compartment
|
Permanent Multipurpose Module Leonardo
|
U.S.
|
February 24, 2011
|
?
|
?
|
Italian-built module
|
Bigelow Expandable Activity Module
|
U.S.
|
April 8, 2016
|
?
|
?
|
Module built by Bigelow Aerospace to test expandable module technology
|
Tiangong
1
|
China
|
September 29, 2011
|
April 2, 2018
|
21 (2)
|
first Chinese space station
|
Tiangong 2
|
China
|
September 15, 2016
|
?
|
29 (1)
|
second Chinese space station
|