Franco Modigliani, 2000.
Umofomia
Franco Modigliani
(born June 18, 1918,
Rome
, Italy?died September 25, 2003,
Cambridge
,
Massachusetts
, U.S.) was an Italian-born American economist and educator who received the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1985 for his work on household
savings
and the dynamics of financial markets.
Modigliani was the son of a Jewish physician. He initially studied law, but he fled fascist
Italy
in 1939 for the
United States
and became an American citizen in 1946. He studied
economics
at the
New School for Social Research
and obtained a doctorate there in 1944. Modigliani then taught at a number of American universities, and he joined the faculty of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
in 1962, becoming professor emeritus in 1988.
Modigliani was awarded the
Nobel Prize
for his pioneering research in several fields of economic theory that had practical applications. One of these was his analysis of personal savings, termed the
life-cycle theory
. The theory posits that individuals build up a store of wealth during their younger working lives not to pass on these savings to their descendents but to consume during their own
old age
. The theory helped explain the varying rates of savings in societies with relatively younger or older populations and proved useful in predicting the future effects of various
pension
plans.
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Modigliani also did important research with the American economist
Merton H. Miller
on financial markets, particularly on the respective effects that a company’s financial structure (e.g., the structure and size of its debt) and its future earning potential will have on the
market
value of its
stock
. They found, in the so-called
Modigliani-Miller theorem
, that the market value of a company depends primarily on investors’ expectations of what the company will earn in the future; the company’s debt-to-equity ratio is of lesser importance. This dictum gained general acceptance by the 1970s, and the technique Modigliani invented for calculating the value of a company’s expected future earnings became a basic tool in corporate
decision making
and
finance
. In 2001 Modigliani’s autobiography,
Adventures of an Economist
, was published.
This article was most recently revised and updated by
Encyclopaedia Britannica
.