Osh is a lively place with the largest and most crowded outdoor market?in Central Asia which was a major market along theSilk Road and is now named the Great Silk Road Bazar in reference to its historical importance. The city’s industrial base, established during the Soviet period, largely collapsed after the break-up of the Soviet Union and has recently only started to revive. The proximity of the Uzbekistan border, which cuts through historically linked territories and settlements, deprives Osh of much of its former hinterland and presents a serious obstacle to trade and economic development. Daily flights fromOsh Airport link Osh – and hence the southern part of Kyrgyzstan – to Bishkek and the north. Like most of Kyrgyzstan, Osh has no railway connections, although the recent upgrading of the long and arduous road through the mountains to Bishkek has greatly improved communications.
The city has several monuments, including one to the southern Kyrgyz “queen” Kurmanjan Datka and one of the few remaining statues of Lenin. A Russian Orthodox church, reopened after the demise of the Soviet Union, the largest mosque?in the country (situated beside the bazaar) and the 16th-century Rabat Abdul Khan Mosque can be found here. The onlyWorld Heritage Site in Kyrgyzstan, the Sulayman Mountain, offers a splendid view of Osh and its environs. This mountain is thought to be the famous landmark of antiquity known as the “Stone Tower” by some researchers and historians, tha tClaudius Ptolemy wrote about in his famous work Geography (Ptolemy). It marked the midpoint on the ancient Silk Road, the overland trade route taken by caravans between Europe and Asia.?The National Historical and Archaeological Museum Complex Sulayman is carved in the mountain, containing a collection of archaeological, geological and historical finds and information about local flora and fauna.
Osh is the second largest city in Kyrgyzstan after the capital city of Bishkek. According to census of 2009 the city population amounted to 258,000 (48% Kyrgyz, 44% Uzbeks, 3% Russians, 2% Turks and 1% Tatars).?The population of the city with its suburbs is estimated at about 500,000 inhabitants.
The city is among the oldest settlements in Central Asia. Osh was known as early as the 8th century as a center for silk production along theSilk Road. The famous trading route crossed Alay Mountains to reach Kashgar to the east. In modern times, Osh has become also the starting point of the Pamir Highway crossing the Pamir Mountains to end in Khorog, Tajikistan.
Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire and descendant of Tamerlane, was born in nearby Andijan, in the Fergana Valley, pondered his future on Sulayman Mountain and even constructed a mosque atop of the mountain. Babur somehow concludes that the confines of the Fergana would cramp his aspirations as a descendant of famous conquering warrior princes.