As the media all take their orders from the Communist Party, the only sources of independently-reported information are bloggers and citizen journalists, who are subjected to harsh forms of persecution including violence by plainclothes policemen. To justify jailing them, the Party is increasingly resorting to articles 88, 79, and 258 of the criminal code, under which “anti-state propaganda,” “activities aimed at overthrowing the government” and “abusing the rights to freedom and democracy to threaten the interests of the state” are punishable by long prison terms. In 2016, a five-year jail sentence was passed on Nguyen Huu VInh, a citizen journalist who created a news website called Anh Ba Sam (Side Walk News Agency) in allusion to the official Vietnam News Agency. Many other bloggers, including Tran Thi Nga, Nguyen Van Hoa, and Nguyen Ngoc Nhu Quynh, were arrested in the months that followed, turning Vietnam into the world’s second biggest prison for citizen journalists (after China).