A BRIEF BIOGRAPHY
AND
FAMILY BACKGROUND
OF
PROFESSOR
SIBGHATULLAH AL-MOJADDEDI
LEADER OF
AFGHAN NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT
AND
FOUNDER OF
ISLAMIC STATE OF AFGHANISTAN
November 2006
Afghan National Liberation Front
House No. 26, Main Wazir Akbar Khan Road
Between Street No. 15 and Mosque
P.O. Box No. 18, Kabul, Afghanistan
Tel: 0093-20-210-1694
In the Name of God, The Merciful, The Beneficent
Brief Family Background
Prof. Sibghatullah Al-Mojaddedi was born in the year 1926 A.D. in one
of the most prestigious and religious families of Afghanistan known as the
"Mojaddedi" family.
The Mojaddedis are descendants of Imam Rabbani, Mojadded Alfe-e-Sani
(the revivalist of the second millennium) Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi Kabuli, whose roots are
traced to the second Caliph of Islam Hazrat Omar bin Al-Khatatb (M.A.P.W.H) in the 32
nd
generation. Imam Rabbani (widely known as Hazrat-e-Mojadded) stands as the most renowned
scholar and religious personality of the tenth and eleventh centuries of Hijra who has
rightfully gained the title of "Mojadded", the revivalist of Islam in the second
millennium.
Imam Mojadded, who lived during the era of Jehangir Shah, has rendered
unparallel services to the fields of Islamic Shariah, Da’wah and Tasawwuf in the
Indian Sub-continent. He stands not only as a capable Imam in matters of Shariah but also
as an eminent leader in various disciplines of knowledge. He enjoyed great respect in the
entire region and is still revered widely by Muslims around the world
.
At the start of twentieth century two well-known personalities of Prof.
Mojaddedi’s family rendered great services in the struggle for the independence of
Afghanistan as well as the reorganisation and restructuring of the social, political and
administrative aspects of the Afghan life. Hazrat Shamsul Mashaikh (Fazal Mohammad
Mojaddedi), the grandfather of Prof. Sibghatullah Al-Mojaddedi, is known as the most
outstanding reformist of the first part of the twentieth century who, during the years of
the First World War, played a most determining role in special circles, organising anti-
colonial movements against the British rule in Afghanistan and in the Sub-continent.
When King Amanullah succeeded in crushing the colonialists’ shaky
grip (1919 A.D) Shamsul Mashaikh and his younger brother Mohammad Omar Mojaddedi (known as
Noorul Mashaikh) had mobilized and organised the Mujahideen fronts in southern Afghanistan
against the British forces. Following the independence of Afghanistan, King Amanullah
issued special decrees in recognition of the conspicuous services that these two renowned
religious leaders of Afghanistan had rendered in the independence struggle and he granted
them special considerations.
During the internal unrest of 1929 in Afghanistan, the Mojaddedi family
once again played a conspicuous role in re-establishing peace and tranquillity in the
country and in preserving the unity of Muslims. In this course Hazrat Mohammad Sadiq
Mojaddedi effectively used his religious influence to prevent bloodshed in the capital
city. By the end of the unrest of 1929, Hazrat Noorul Mashaikh Mojaddedi, who was in exile
in India, was asked by national and religious circles of Afghanistan to return to the
country. In this period Mohammad Nadir Khan (father of King Zahir Shah), who was in
France, arrived at the border of Afghanistan. Following the unrest, it was the Mojaddedi
family (the father and great uncle of Prof. Sibghatullah) who took the responsibility of
leading the Muslim Afghan nation in various fields, religious and spiritual in particular.
Education and Start of Activities
From the start of the second half of the twentieth century however, the
political, religious and ideological leadership of the Afghan society demanded a rather
new approach; an approach which could take full account of and remain fully alert against
infiltration of the atheistic communism with its various damaging dimensions that had its
roots in a materialistic and faithless doctrine. The ideological offensive of this
atheistic movement was strongly geared against Islam and the Muslim lands, following the
Second World War.
This time the burden of guiding the movement against atheism fell on
the shoulders of a young member of the Mojaddedi family who, in addition to possessing a
deep knowledge of Islam, was fully aware of the role of modern science in human life, the
complicated political issues in the world and the changing Afghan mentality in response to
its expanding exposure to western civilisation. This young individual was Hazrat
Sibghatullah Al-Mojaddedi.
Following high school education at Habibia High School and acquiring a
basic understanding of Islam from eminent scholars of Afghanistan at private level, Prof.
Sibghatullah Al-Mojaddedi entered Al-Azhar University in Cairo where he completed college
and post graduate degrees, with honours in Islamic Law and Jurisprudence. Following his
return to Afghanistan in 1952, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi refused offers of work at government
positions and decided to serve as an educator instead.
He thus taught at Kabul University as well as the Higher Institutes of
Teachers’ Training and Arabic Studies. Being aware of the need to train the younger
generation, he also extensively lectured at various high schools in Kabul. As an educator
and strong advocate of justice and social and political reform, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi spoke
openly against the prevailing injustice under the authoritarian rule of Mr. Daoud and his
harsh and cruel treatment of political oppositions. He also lectured on the need for
political reform and taught a class on Islamic Politics and social justice at Kabul
University.
As a capable educator, he effectively enlightened his students who
devotedly revered and respected him - something that highly disturbed Mr. Daoud, the
communist elements and their Soviet supporters across the border. The extent of the love
and respect that Prof. Al-Mojaddedi’s students had for him can be understood from the
fact that while Mr. Daoud’s establishment ultimately barred Prof. Al-Mojaddedi from
teaching at Kabul University, his university students would, voluntarily and against the
will of the government, join his classes at other institutions or even come to take
lessons from him at his modest residence.
Prof. Al-Mojaddedi’s popularity among the youth and the respect he
had earned in the educational and scholarly circles as well as his success in effectively
dampening the otherwise speedy advent of communism among the youth disturbed the Soviets
who were determined to promote their ideology in Afghanistan at any cost. Thus in a joint
conspiracy of the two neighbouring authoritarian regimes, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi was arrested
in 1959, when Mr. Daoud decided to host the Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev in Kabul.
Prof. Al-Mojaddedi was accused of campaigning against Khrushchev’s visit and was
imprisoned, without trial, spending over four and a half years in prison cells.
Nevertheless he continued his struggle even under the severe conditions of the prison.
Following his release Prof. Mojaddedi was exiled to Egypt and Saudi
Arabia by King Zahir Shah for one year, and was barred from teaching after returning to
his homeland. In the course of over five years of Prof. Al-Mojaddedi’s absence from
the political and educational scene in Afghanistan, communism spread at an unprecedented
pace in the country, affecting the innocent minds of thousands of Afghan youth who no
longer had the opportunity to be exposed to the meaningful and decent ideological and
political alternative that Prof. Al-Mojaddedi’s school of thought provided. This, in
itself could be construed as one of the main causes of the tragic turn of political events
in Afghanistan.
Social, Political and Religious Services
In 1972, in his capacity as the most effective and best-recognised
religious and scholarly personality of Afghanistan, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi established the
movement of Jamiat-e-Ulamae Mohammadi. This movement played a decisive role in awakening
the various sectors of the Afghan society all over the country, against communists, their
conspiracies and foreign backing. Exchanging views with intellectuals, religious scholars
and government officials, Prof. Al- Mojaddedi emphasised that Afghanistan’s relations
with its neighbours has to be based upon a policy of non-interference and mutual respect
for one another’s territorial integrity and national independence.
In 1973, while Prof. Mojaddedi was attending a multinational Islamic
conference outside the country, the communist-dominated military coup of Mr. Daoud took
place in Afghanistan. Thus, at the earnest request of his followers as well as his
colleagues at Jamiat-e-Ulamae Mohammadi who feared for his safety in Afghanistan, Prof.
Mojaddedi went to Saudi Arabia for a year and then proceeded to Denmark where he
established the Islamic Cultural Centre of Scandinavia in Copenhagen, and several smaller
centres of Islamic learning in different parts of Denmark and another Islamic Centre in
Oslo, Norway. During his four years stay in Denmark, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi undertook the
education of hundreds of Muslim children and thousands of adults, arranged for the Islamic
processing of meat products for interested Muslims living in Scandinavia as well as its
export to Muslim countries. He rendered effective services in introducing Islam to the
people of Scandinavia by elaborating on this great religion’s diverse aspects
including its valuable injunctions on issues of moderation, tolerance and respect for
other religions.
The Declaration of Armed Resistance and Wise Leadership
The bloody communist coup of April 1978, which took place at the hand
of pro-Soviet elements, brought Khalq party’s Taraki into power in Afghanistan. In
the face of this tragic development Prof. Mojaddedi immediately started to play his role
and serve for regaining the liberation of Afghanistan. First, he went to Pakistan (within
ten days after the communist coup) and laid the foundation of a common Front for
resistance, then he went to Saudi Arabia and held an important meeting of religious and
political Afghan personalities in Mecca Al-Mokarrama, and finally returned to Pakistan and
established the Afghan National Liberation Front.
Like his grandfather Hazrat Shamsul Mashaikh Mojaddedi who led the
independence movement against British imperialism, Prof. Sibghatullah Al-Mojaddedi took
his struggle for independence very seriously, establishing it on a firm foundation and
clearly declaring its high objectives. Being fully conscious of his family background and
his religious and national leadership, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi was the first to call the Afghan
nation to Jehad in the face of the Soviet aided communist take over of Afghanistan, by
announcing a general resistance through-out the country on 13
th
March 1979.
As a reaction to Prof. Mojaddedi’s declaration of Jehad the puppet
regime of Taraki arrested and prosecuted all his male relatives, including his brother,
cousins and brothers-in-law. Over one hundred members of the Mojaddedi family have been
persecuted by communist regime in the process of arrests and executions, in addition to
many others who lost their lives through active participation in the resistance.
During the years of the resistance to the Soviet occupation of
Afghanistan, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi made considerable efforts and immensely contributed
towards unity of Mujahideen. Based on the wide trust and prestige that he enjoyed among
the Mujahideen and other sectors, the Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen elected him
as its President. He capably remained in this position till the liquidation of the said
unity and formation of the seven-party coalition in 1985. Prof. Al-Mojaddedi tirelessly
strived for the realisation of a meaningful understanding and productive co-operation
among Mujahideen parties.
Conscious of the norms and demands of twentieth century in the areas of
human contacts and international relations, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi has emerged as a moderated
Muslim leader who, with his full knowledge of Islamic principles, respects international
values. He has travelled to different countries, participated in numerous international
gatherings and has exchanged views with many prominent world figures. Having a number of
valuable literary materials in Dari (Persian) and English, he also stands as one of the
most prominent speakers and effective lecturers of the Muslim World.
Election as President
The Grand Consultative Council convened by the Afghan Mujahideen
parties in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, elected Prof. Al-Mojaddedi as the President of the
Islamic Interim Government of Afghanistan (famously known as the AIG) on 23rd February
1989. The election of Prof. Al-Mojaddedi in this gathering of over 450 delegates
representing a cross-section of the population was a testimony of his popularity and
extensive support base in the Afghan nation.
In his capacity as President, Prof. Mojaddedi effectively represented
the valiant Afghan Mujahideen both at the national as well as the international levels.
During the Gulf War he was among the first world leaders to condemn the unjustified
invasion of Kuwait. While most other Afghan leaders, particularly the extremists, had
opposing views, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi boldly took the decision of sending Afghan Mujahideen
troops to Saudi Arabia for defending the holy sites of Al-Haramain Al-Sharifain. His
readiness to provide further troops for the defence of other Gulf States was also warmly
received by leaders of these brotherly Muslim countries.
Establishment of the Islamic State of Afghanistan
Prof. Mojaddedi remained President of AIG for over three years until
the Mujahideen leaders reposed their confidence in him under the historic Accord of 24th
April 1992 for implementing the transfer of power from the defeated communist regime to
the Mujahideen Islamic government. Following a dramatic road journey from Peshawar to
Kabul at the head of a 50 member Jehadi Shura, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi took office as the first
President of the Islamic State of Afghanistan at a very critical and risky juncture of the
Afghan history.
But in a meagre two months time and by virtue of his dynamic and
extraordinary popular leadership, Prof. Mojaddedi managed to steer the country out of its
most difficult period of history in the post communist era.
He succeeded in restoring peace and security by swiftly controlling the
law and order situation thus creating conducive circumstances for the return of hundreds
and thousands of Afghan refugees to their homeland with honour and dignity. By securing
international recognition and strong commitments of worldwide support for the Islamic
State of Afghanistan, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi put the war-torn country on track for prosperity
and stability.
Above all, being a great leader with firm principles and strong
adherence to his commitments, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi transferred power at the expiry of his
two months presidential tenure to the Leadership Council of Afghanistan on 28
th
June
1992 in an extremely smooth and peaceful manner, not witnessed in contemporary Afghan
history. This was done with the intention to give the transitional process a proper chance
for success, to be followed by the Afghan nation’s right to exercise
self-determination.
Subsequent Developments and Prof. Mojaddedi’s Role as a Mediator
But unfortunately, in the wake of future developments the nation was
denied its fundamental right to self-determination when a fake and unrepresentative
so-called Hal wa Aqd Shura was convened by the government of Prof. Burhanuddin Rabbani,
thus barring the masses from expressing their views and electing their leader in a free
atmosphere.
It is tremendously disturbing that despite the sincere efforts of Prof.
Al-Mojaddedi and other devoted Afghan notables the concept of a truly Islamic government
that could ensure peace, security, stability and prosperity failed to materialise under
Mr. Rabbani mainly due to the regime’s insistence to illegally remain in power,
beyond its agreed 4-months tenure. The use of force against the will of the majority
resulted in immense innocent bloodshed and untold destruction in the country, particularly
in the capital Kabul.
But with the course of time the regime weakened and a new force called
the Taliban Islamic Movement, which originated from Kandahar province, started gaining
ground. By September 1996 the Taliban captured Kabul and two years later most of northern
and central Afghanistan also came under its control at the cost of thousands of lives and
devastation of the remaining parts of the country. The Taliban then pushed for total
victory without caring how much further bloodshed and destruction the continued war would
bring.
Throughout the internal fighting, Prof. Mojaddedi endeavoured to
convince the warring factions and their foreign supporters to abandon armed conflict and
initiate meaningful negotiations. He firmly believed that the war for power could not be
justified and that no side could win militarily.
Feeling very strongly about the continued sufferings of the innocent
Afghan people, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi tried actively to build-up consensus among Afghans. By
laying down the foundation of Association for Peace and National Unity of Afghanistan in
January 1999, along with Pir Syed Ahmad Gailani and other influential Afghan
personalities, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi worked towards unifying the voice of the majority of the
Afghan people who were totally against the power struggle.
Prof. Al-Mojaddedi could not remain silent in the face of the blatant
foreign interferences in the affairs of his country and thus advised the leaders of some
neighbouring countries to refrain from indulging in this dangerous and unfair practice.
When his repeated advice and requests were not adhered to, Prof. Al-Mojaddedi left the
region in protest.
Although based in Copenhagen for over two years due to certain
obstacles, Prof. Mojaddedi did not spare any effort for securing a cessation of
hostilities between the warring factions and finding a lasting solution to the conflict in
his homeland. In line with his principle stand on providing the Afghan nation the
opportunity to decide upon its future, Hazrat Al-Mojaddedi actively participated in
various Afghan peace initiatives, including the Cyprus and Rome Processes. While extending
his wise and valuable guidance, he maintained that meaningful cooperation and coordination
between the various peace initiatives is imperative for reaching a just solution to the
Afghan conflict.
The Fall of Taliban and Preceding Events
The Taliban failed to benefit from the wise advices of Sheikh
Al-Mojaddedi towards moderation, respect for the legitimate rights of the Afghan people
and accepting a negotiated settlement to the Afghan imbroglio. Instead the administration
continued to harbour foreign extremists and thus deepened the miseries of the innocent
Afghan people, while it prepared the groundwork for its own downfall.
Prof. Mojaddedi was among the first Afghan leaders to denounce the
horrendous terrorist attacks of 11
th
September 2001. On the basis of Islamic
principles, he unequivocally condemns terrorism with all its evil forms and
manifestations. While supporting the identification of terrorists and preventing such
incidents from recurring, Prof. Mojaddedi strongly believes that in the process of
bringing the perpetrators of such attacks to justice, no innocent civilian lives should be
lost.
Prof. Al-Mojaddedi also protested to the overwhelming and careless
aerial bombardment of Afghanistan by the US-led coalition that followed the tragic attacks
of September 11 on the US. In a statement issued on 24th October 2001 and in the course of
a press conference, he termed the scope of the aerial bombardments of his country as
excessive and citing the anger of the Afghan people he called the massive loss of civilian
lives and property as unacceptable. He also called on the allied forces to strictly
prevent the loss of further civilian life and property.
Parallel to the downfall of the Taliban government, representatives of
several Afghan factions held peace deliberations under the auspices of the United Nations
in Bonn where they reached an agreement on the formation of an Interim Authority with Mr.
Hamid Karzai as Chairman, which took over power in Kabul on 22nd December 2001. Even with
the unbalanced composition of the Bonn meeting and serious drawbacks in its proceedings,
Prof. Al-Mojaddedi supported its outcome in view of the larger national interest.
The Inalienable Right of Self-Determination
Prof. Mojaddedi’s firm commitment to the principle of
self-determination by the people of Afghanistan and his strong support for their
legitimate right to freely elect their leadership has earned him a special status among
various segments of the Afghan nation. Based on this principle he had always advocated
with strength the need for convening of a widely representative Grand Shura (Loya Jirga)
to solve Afghan crises.
The institution of Loya Jirga carries great importance in the history
of Afghanistan, wherein matters of leadership and other political issues of national
implication have been decided upon with highly successful results. Enjoying strong
traditional support, the Loya Jirga has its roots in the Islamic doctrine of ‘Ahl
Al-Hal wa Al-Aqd’ and Shura which provides Muslims with the opportunity to express
their political views through their representatives drawn from various categories of the
nation.
The Emergency Loya Jirga of June 2002 that elected Mr. Hamid Karzai
President of the Islamic Transitional Government of Afghanistan was an effort in the right
direction but certainly had its serious shortcomings. Despite his reservations, Prof.
Mojaddedi participated in this gathering and backed its results with a view to support the
institution of Loya Jirga as a forum through which the true representatives of the nation
can participate in the country’s political process.
Prof. Al-Mojaddedi hoped that the future constitution of Afghanistan
would provide guarantees for a transparent process through which members of Loya Jirga and
Parliament could be elected, whereas it would ensure that the proceedings of such
important state institutions are carried out in a fair and dignified atmosphere free of
manipulation and coercive effects.
The Constitutional Loya Jirga
With convening of the Constitutional Loya Jirga from 14
th
December 2003 to 4
th
January 2004, the Afghan nation was provided with a long
awaited opportunity to freely choose the type of political system it deemed fit for the
country. Once again the outstanding personality of Prof. Mojaddedi came to light, as he
was elected Chairman of the Loya Jirga by a strong majority vote.
As important an event this was, as delicate a challenge it proved to
be. The over 500 delegates hailing from all parts of the country and harbouring various
viewpoints debated the draft constitution with great zeal and interest. At times the
debates became extremely polarised with the opposing camps entering deadlocks on
contentious issues, thus creating fears that the Jirga would fail. However, Prof.
Al-Mojaddedi’s effective leadership played in positively not only in maintaining calm
and order in the proceedings of the Grand Assembly, but also in finding common grounds and
reaching agreements.
Following 21 consecutive days of serious and tiring deliberations, the
Afghan nation proved once again that it is capable of living up to the most complicated
challenges. The approval of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by
consensus under the capable leadership of Prof. Mojaddedi is a remarkable achievement
which lays down, God willing, the foundation of an independent, prosperous, stable and
moderate Islamic Afghanistan.
Promoting Reconciliation and Encouraging Measures for a Brighter Future
As a dedicated true national leader, Hazrat Al-Mojaddedi spares no
effort in helping promote national unity and genuine reconciliation. His presence in the
Afghan capital and his tireless efforts are a blessing for all Afghans who greatly value
his wise and selfless guidance. Enjoying deep respect among various segments of the
population, while keeping a low profile, Prof Mojaddedi continued to successfully help
defuse political, tribal, ethnic and religious tensions that arose from time to time. In
his capacity as an authority in religious and spiritual circles, a seasoned political
figure and a respectable social leader, he commands a unique status by virtue of which
various political, religious, tribal and governmental circles seek his sagacious advice at
the highest levels.
Prof. Al-Mojaddedi believes that the Afghan people must put the past
behind them, learn from their mistakes and initiate a fresh sense of unity, brotherhood
and cooperation. He emphatically opposes all forms of ethnic, linguistic, sectarian and
political prejudices and encourages his compatriots to revive their Islamic principles and
national values, which inspire feelings of unity, love, peace, tranquillity, tolerance and
peaceful coexistence.
Based on these principles Professor Mojaddedi accepted the offer to
lead the Independent National Commission for Peace and Reconciliation in March 2005. Since
its establishment, the Commission has had remarkable success in convincing thousands of
Taliban supporters and their allies to lay down their arms. In addition, the Commission
has also secured the release of hundreds of Afghan prisoners from jails and detention
centres in Afghanistan and abroad. Those who have reconciled and denounced violence, lead
a peaceful life today. Many of them have re-integrated in the society by finding jobs in
the public and private sectors, taking part in social and political life, contesting
elections, serving as members of parliament and contributing to the society by a diversity
of peaceful means.
Hazrat Mojaddedi continues to advise both the government as well as
call on the armed opposition to focus on peaceful means of reconciliation for ensuring
just and lasting peace in Afghanistan. Considering foreign interference as the root-cause
of continued fighting, he openly criticises those foreign circles that still continue to
support and encourage fighting, bloodshed, suicide bombings and destabilisation of the
country.
He strongly supports efforts aimed at strengthening state institutions,
such as the Parliament, Police and the National Army, whereby representatives of the
people could have a direct say in affairs of the state through the Legislature and the
Afghans could address their security and defence concerns in an effective manner. This
would in turn pave the way for the early withdrawal of foreign forces including ISAF/NATO
and US-led coalition troops, the prolonged stay of which on Afghan soil would certainly
entail negative repercussions.
Prof. Mojaddedi hopes that the international community would continue
supporting Afghanistan and that the Afghan government as well as non-governmental
organisations would be able to work efficiently, transparently and sincerely for the
speedy reconstruction of his devastated country.
Presidential and Parliamentary Elections
Conscious of the importance of an elected Parliament that represent the
views and aspirations of Afghans in the political life of the country, Hazrat Al-Mojaddedi
worked hard for realisation of free and fair general elections following the
constitution’s approval by the Constitutional Loya Jirga in early 2004.
Inspired by the new constitution, Afghanistan held its first
Presidential election under the universal franchise of ‘one man one vote’ on 9
th
October 2004. Prof. Mojaddedi was approached by several candidates for support and
blessing. Following in-depth deliberations and analyses, the Afghan National Liberation
Front under his leadership supported Mr. Hamid Karzai. Not only ANLF members but a vast
spectrum of Afghans from different parts of the country sought Prof. Mojaddedi’s
opinion on whom to vote for. By virtue of this far reaching valuable support, Mr. Karzai
won the Presidential election with a comfortable 55 percent of the vote.
In the Parliamentary elections of 18th September 2005, he advised his
supporters within and outside his party to vote for candidates based on their honesty,
sincerity and dedication to serve the country, regardless of party affiliation.
While giving his blessing to the administration that emerged from the
elections, Prof. Mojaddedi has kept a close eye on the President and his government’s
performance and handling of affairs. He has continuously extended his advice, presented
his analytical observations, and encouraged measures that could ensure better governance.
Election as Chairman of the Senate
The Afghan people have no doubt in the sincere and charismatic
leadership of Hazrat Al-Mojaddedi and he is probably the only Afghan leader in
contemporary times to get repeated votes of confidence from his compatriots, in various
forums, over a stretch of nearly three decades.
His election as Chairman of the Upper House of Parliament, the House of
Elders (Meshrano Jirga) on 18th December 2005 is yet another unequivocal testimony of his
popular leadership. The Senate proceedings function very smoothly under his wise
leadership and the body lives up to the task of legislation.
The initial confidence that the public had in President Karzai and his
administration is unfortunately eroding with the passage of time. Inappropriate
appointments, wide-spread corruption, inability to deliver on promises made to the people
and violation of the constitution by certain key members of his administration are some of
the reasons for the emergence of this mistrust. As Mr. Karzai was unable to take effective
corrective action, despite the repeated advises of Prof. Mojaddedi, he deemed it
necessary, in the larger national interest, to go public with his constructive criticism
in October 2006, demanding a positive change of course. Prof. Mojaddedi presented his
proposals and suggestions to the President, stressing upon better governance, and warned
that unless bold steps are taken to correct the prevailing state of affairs, Afghanistan
would lose the present window of opportunity.