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Human Development Report 2007/2008 - Timor-Leste
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2007/2008 Human Development Report

Timor-Leste
HDI Rank - 150
ExcelCountry Factsheet

01. Human development index
Human development index value, 2005 0.514
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2005 59.7
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005 50.1 1
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 2005 72.0 2
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 2005 .. 3 4
Life expectancy index 0.578
Education index 0.574
GDP index 0.390
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank 16
1a. Basic indicators for other UN member states
Life expectancy at birth, annual estimates (years), 2000-05 59.7
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005 50.1
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education (%), 2005 72.0
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 2005 ..
Population, total (thousands), 2004 1,067
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-05 7.0
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005 61
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 2004 98
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 2005 [<0.2]
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002/04 9
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004 58
02. Human development index trends
Human development index (trends), 1975 ..
Human development index (trends), 1980 ..
Human development index (trends), 1985 ..
Human development index (trends), 1990 ..
Human development index (trends), 1995 ..
Human development index (trends), 2000 ..
Human development index (trends), 2005 0.514
03. Human and income poverty: developing countries
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank 95
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%) 41.8
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2000-05 21.2
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005 49.9 5
Population not using an improved water source (%), 2004 42
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005 46
Population living below $1 a day (%), 1990-2005 ..
Population living below $2 a day (%), 1990-2005 ..
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 1990-2004 .. 6
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank ..
04. Human and income poverty: OECD countries, Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank ..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%) ..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2000-05 37.0
Population lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003 ..
Long-term unemployment (% of labour force), 2006 ..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2004 .. 6
Population living below $11 a day (1994 PPP US$), 1994-95 ..
Population living below $4 a day (1990 PPP US$), 2000-04 .. 6
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank ..
05. Demographic trends
Population, total (millions), 1975 0.7
Population, total (millions), 2005 1.1
Population, total (millions), 2015 1.5
Population, annual growth rate (%), 1975-2005 1.5
Population, annual growth rate (%), 2005-15 3.4
Population, urban (% of total population), 1975 14.6
Population, urban (% of total population), 2005 26.5
Population, urban (% of total population), 2015 31.2
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 2005 45.0
Population under age 15 (% of total population), 2015 44.0
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 2005 2.7
Population aged 65 and older (% of total population), 2015 3.0
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 1970-75 6.2
Fertility rate, total (births per woman), 2000-05 7.0
06. Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 2004 8.8
Private expenditure on health (% of GDP), 2004 2.4
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2004 143
One-year-olds fully immunized against tuberculosis (%), 2005 70
One-year-olds fully immunized against measles (%), 2005 48
Children with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding (% under age 5), 1998-2005 ..
Contraceptive prevalence rate (% of married women aged 15-49), 1997-2005 10
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%), 1997-2005 18
Physicians (per 100,000 people), 2000-04 10 6
07. Water, sanitation and nutritional status
Population using improved sanitation (%), 1990 ..
Population using improved sanitation (%), 2004 36
Population using an improved water source (%), 1990 ..
Population using an improved water source (%), 2004 58
Population undernourished (% of total population), 1990-92 11 6
Population undernourished (% of total population), 2002-04 9
Children under weight for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005 46
Children under height for age (% under age 5), 1996-2005 56 6
Infants with low birthweight (%), 1998-2005 12
08. Inequalities in maternal and child health
Survey year for inequality data in table 8 ..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, poorest 20% (%) ..
Births attended by skilled health personnel, richest 20% (%) ..
One-year-olds fully immunized, poorest 20% (%) ..
One-year-olds fully immunized, richest 20% (%) ..
Children under height for age, poorest 20% (% children under age 5) ..
Children under height for age, richest 20% (% children under age 5) ..
Infant mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births) ..
Infant mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births) ..
Under-five mortality rate, poorest 20% (per 1,000 live births) ..
Under-five mortality rate, richest 20% (per 1,000 live births) ..
09. Leading global health crises and risks
HIV prevalence (% aged 15-49), 2005 [<0.2]
Condom use at last high-risk sex, women (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005 ..
Condom use at last high-risk sex, men (% aged 15-24), 1999-2005 ..
Children under age 5 using insecticide-treated bednets (%), 1999-2005 8 7
Children under age 5 with fever treated with antimalarial drugs (%), 1999-2005 19
Tuberculosis cases, prevalence (per 100,000 people), 2005 713
Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS (%), 2005 44
Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS (%), 2003 80
Prevalence of smoking, women (% of adults), 2002-04 .. 6
Prevalence of smoking, men (% of adults), 2002-04 .. 6
10. Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 1970-75 40.0
Life expectancy at birth, quinquennial estimates (years), 2000-05 58.3
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970 ..
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005 52
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970 ..
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2005 61
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-05 57.3
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-05 52.9
Maternal mortality ratio, reported (per 100,000 live births), 1990-2004 ..
Maternal mortality ratio, adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 2000 380 6
11. Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991 ..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-05 ..
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 1991 ..
Public expenditure on education (% of total government expenditure), 2002-05 ..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1991 ..
Current public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2002-05 ..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1991 ..
Current public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2002-05 ..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1991 ..
Current public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2002-05 ..
12. Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1985-1995 ..
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and older), 1995-2005 ..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1985-1995 ..
Youth literacy rate (% aged 15-24), 1995-2005 ..
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 1991 ..
Net primary enrolment rate (%), 2005 98 8
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 1991 ..
Net secondary enrolment rate (%), 2005 ..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 1991 ..
Children reaching grade 5 (% of grade 1 students), 2004 ..
Tertiary students in science, engineering, manufacturing and construction (% of tertiary students), 1999-2005 ..
13. Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 1990 ..
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2005 ..
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 1990 ..
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2005 ..
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 1990 ..
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2005 ..
Patents granted to residents (per million peole), 2005 ..
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 2005 ..
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP), 2000-2005 ..
Researchers in R&D; (per million people), 1990-2005 ..
14. Economic performance
GDP (current US$ billions), 2005 0.3
GDP, PPP (current international $ billions), 2005 ..
GDP per capita (US$), 2005 358
GDP per capita, PPP (2005 international $), 2005 ..
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1975-2005 ..
GDP per capita, annual growth rate (%), 1990-2005 ..
GDP per capita, highest value (2005 PPP US$), 1975-2005 ..
GDP per capita, year of highest value ..
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 1990-2005 ..
Consumer price index, average annual change in (%), 2004-05 ..
15. Inequality in income or expenditure
Survey Year ..
Share of income or consumption, poorest 10% (%) ..
Share of income or consumption, poorest 20% (%) ..
Share of income or consumption, richest 20% (%) ..
Share of income or consumption, richest 10% (%) ..
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 10% to poorest 10% ..
Inequality measures, ratio of richest 20% to poorest 20% ..
Gini index ..
16. Structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990 ..
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2005 ..
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990 ..
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2005 ..
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990 ..
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 2005 ..
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990 ..
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 2005 ..
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 1990 ..
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports), 2005 ..
Terms of trade (2000=100), 2004-2005 ..
17. OECD-DAC country expenditures on aid
Official development assistance, net disbursed (US$ millions), 2005 ..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 1990 ..
Official development assistance, net disbursed (% of GNI), 2005 ..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 1990 ..
Official development assistance per capita of donor country (2005 US$), 2005 ..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 1990 ..
Official development assistance to least developed countries (% of total), 2005 ..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 1996-1997 ..
Official development assistance to basic social services (% of total allocable by sector), 2004-2005 ..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 1990 ..
Untied bilateral ODA (% of total), 2005 ..
18. Flows of aid, private capital and debt
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (US$ millions), 2005 184.7
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) per capita (US$), 2005 189.4
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 1990 ..
Official development assistance received (net disbursements) (% of GDP), 2005 52.9
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 1990 ..
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP), 2005 ..
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 1990 ..
Private flows, other (% of GDP), 2005 ..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990 ..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005 ..
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 1990 ..
Debt service, total (% of exports of goods, services and net income from abroad), 2005 ..
19. Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 2004 8.8
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1991 ..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2002-05 ..
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 1990 ..
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 2005 ..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 1990 ..
Debt service, total (% of GDP), 2005 ..
20. Unemployment in OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 2006 ..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 2006 ..
Unemployment rate, average annual (% of labour force), 1996-2006 ..
Unemployment rate Female (% of male rate), 2006 ..
Youth unemployment rate, total (% of labour force aged 15-24), 2006 ..
Youth unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 2006 ..
Long-term unemployment, women (% of total unemployment), 2006 ..
Long-term unemployment, men (% of total unemployment), 2006 ..
21. Unemployment and informal sector work in non-OECD countries
Unemployed people (thousands), 1996-2005 ..
Unemployment rate Total (% of labour force), 1996-2005 ..
Unemployment rate (female rate as % of male rate), 1996-2005 ..
Employment, total (thousands), 1996-2005 ..
Employment in agriculture (% of total employment), 1996-2005 ..
Employment in industry (% of total employment), 1996-2005 ..
Employment in services (% of total employment), 1996-2005 ..
Survey year, 1990-2004 ..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, both sexes (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004 ..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, female (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004 ..
Employment in non-agricultural informal sector, male (% of non-agricultural employment), 1990-2004 ..
22. Energy and the environment
Electricity consumption per capita (kilowatt-hours), 2004 294 9
Electricity consumption per capita (% change), 1990-2004 ..
Electrification rate (%) ..
Population without electricity (millions) ..
GDP per unit of energy use (2000 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent), 2004 ..
GDP per unit of energy use (% change), 1990-2004 ..
Forest area (% total land), 2005 53.7
Forest area (thousand sq km), 2005 8.0
Forest area change from 1990-2005 (thousand sq km), 1990-2005 - 1.7
Forest area, average annual change (%), 1990-2005 - 1.2
23. Energy sources
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 1990 ..
Total primary energy supply (TPES) (Mt of oil equivalent), 2005 ..
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 1990 ..
Coal (% of total primary energy supply), 2005 ..
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 1990 ..
Oil (% of total primary energy supply), 2005 ..
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 1990 ..
Gas (% of total primary energy supply), 2005 ..
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990 ..
Hydro, solar, wind and geothermal power (% of total primary energy supply), 2005 ..
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 1990 ..
Biomass and waste (% of total primary energy supply), 2005 ..
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 1990 ..
Nuclear power (% of total primary energy supply), 2005 ..
24. Carbon dioxide emissions and stocks
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 1990 ..
CO2 emissions, total (Mt CO2), 2004 0.2
CO2 emissions, average annual change in (%), 1990-2004 ..
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 1990 ..
CO2 emissions (% of world total), 2004 (.)
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 1990 ..
CO2 emissions per capita (tonnes), 2004 0.2
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 1990 ..
Carbon intensity of energy (kt CO2 per kt of oil equivalent), 2004 ..
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 1990 ..
Carbon intensity of growth ( kt CO2 per million 2000 PPP US$), 2004 ..
CO2 emissions/sequestration from forests (Mt CO2 per year), 1990-2005 ..
Carbon stocks in forests (living biomass) (Mt C), 2005 ..
25. Status of major international environmental treaties
Status of environmental treaties - Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (year of ratification/signature) ..
Status of environmental treaties - Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature) 2006
Status of environmental treaties - Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change (year of ratification/signature) ..
Status of environmental treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity (year of ratification/signature) 2006
Status of environmental treaties - Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature), 1988 ..
Status of environmental treaties - Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (year of ratification/signature) ..
Status of environmental treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (year of ratification/signature), 2001 ..
Status of environmental treaties - UN Law of the Sea (year of ratification/signature) ..
Status of environmental treaties - UN Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (year of ratification/signature) 2003
26. Refugees and armaments
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2006 100
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 2006 ..
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 2006 (.)
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 1996 ..
Conventional arms transfers, imports (1990 US$ millions), 2006 ..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (1990 US$ millions), 2006 ..
Conventional arms transfers, exports (% of world total), 2002-06 ..
Armed forces (thousands), 2007 1
Armed forces, index (1985=100), 2007 ..
27. Crime and justice
Homicides (per 100,000 people), 2000-2004 ..
Prison population total, 2007 320
Prison population (per 100,000 people), 2007 41
Prison population (% female), 2007 (.)
Year in which countries have partially or completely abolished the death penalty 1999
28. Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 2005 ..
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 2005 ..
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 2005 60.5
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 2005 58.9
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 2005 ..
Adult literacy rate, male (% aged 15 and older), 2005 ..
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, female (%) , 2005 71
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary education, male (%) , 2005 73
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 2005 .. 10
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 2005 .. 10
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 2005 ..
29. Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank ..
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value ..
Seats in parliament (% held by women) 25.3 11
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-2005 ..
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1994-2005 ..
Ratio of estimated female to male earned income ..
30. Gender inequality in education
Adult literacy rate, female (% aged 15 and older) , 2005 ..
Adult literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005 ..
Youth literacy rate, female (% aged 15-24), 2005 ..
Youth literacy rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005 ..
Net primary enrolment rate, female (%), 2005 ..
Net primary enrolment rate (ratio of female rate to male rate), 2005 ..
Gross primary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005 145
Gross primary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio) 0.92
Gross secondary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005 52
Gross secondary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 2005 1.00
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio, female (%), 2005 12 12 13
Gross tertiary enrolment ratio (ratio of female ratio to male ratio), 2005 1.48 12 13
31. Gender inequality in economic activity
Economic activity rate, female (% aged 15 and older), 2005 54.3
Economic activity index (1990=100), female (aged 15 and older), 2005 109
Economic activity rate (female rate as % of male rate, aged 15 and older), 2005 67
Employment in agriculture, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2005 ..
Employment in agriculture, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2004 ..
Employment in industry, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2003 ..
Employment in industry, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2003 ..
Employment in services, female (% of total female employment), 1995-2003 ..
Employment in services, male (% of total male employment), 1995-2003 ..
Contributing family workers, women (% of total), 1995-2005 ..
Contributing family workers, men (% of total), 1995-2004 ..
33. Women’s political participation
Year women received right to vote ..
Year women received right to stand for election ..
Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to parliament ..
Women in government at ministerial level (as % of total), 2005 22.2
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 1990 ..
Seats in lower house or single house (% held by women), 2007 25.3 14
Seats in upper house or senate (% held by women), 2007 NA
34. Status of major international human rights instruments
Status of human rights instruments: International convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (year of ratification/signature), 1948 ..
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (year of ratification/signature), 1965 2003
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (year of ratification/signature), 1966 2003
Status of human rights instruments: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (year of ratification/signature), 1966 2003
Status of human rights instruments: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (year of ratification/signature), 1979 2003
Status of human rights instruments: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (year of ratification/signature), 1984 2003
Status of human rights instruments: Convention on the Rights of the Child (year of ratification/signature), 1989 2003
35. Status of fundamental labour rights conventions
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 87 (year of ratification/signature) ..
Status of labour rights conventions: Freedom of association and collective bargaining - Convention 98 (year of ratification/signature) ..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 29 (year of ratification/signature) ..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of forced and compulsory labour - Convention 105 (year of ratification/signature) ..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 100 (year of ratification/signature) ..
Status of labour rights conventions: Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation - Convention 111 (year of ratification/signature) ..
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 138 (year of ratification/signature) ..
Status of labour rights conventions: Abolition of child labour - Convention 182 (year of ratification/signature) ..

Notes:
1 - UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2006. The Path out of Poverty. National Human Development Report for Timor-Leste. Dili.
2 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
3 - Data refer to a year other than that specified.
4 - For the purposes of calculating the HDI, a national estimate of 1,033 (PPP US$) was used.
5 - UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2006. The Path out of Poverty. National Human Development Report for Timor-Leste. Dili.
6 -
7 - UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). 2005. State of the World's Children 2006. New York.
8 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
9 - Data are estimates produced by the UN Statistics Division.
10 - No wage data are available. For the purposes of calculating the estimated female and male earned income, a value of 0.75 was used for the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage.
11 - The purpose of the elections held on 30 August 2001 was to elect the members of the constituent assembly of Timor-Leste. This body became the national parliament on 20 May 2002, the date on which the country became independent, without any new elections.
12 - National or UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
13 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.
14 - The purpose of the elections held on 30 August 2001 was to elect the members of the Constituent Assembly of Timor-Leste. This body became the National Parliament on 20 May 2002, the date on which the country became independent, without any new elections.

Symbols :
.. Data not available
(.) Greater (or less) than zero but small enough to be rounded off to zero at the displayed number of decimal points
< Less than
- Not applicable
T Total