Tu?n l?c

Rangifer tarandus
	Th?i đi?m hoa th?ch: Pleistocene 620,000 BP to present
Tinh tr?ng b?o t?n
	; S?p nguy c?p ( IUCN 3.1 )
Phan lo?i khoa h?c
Gi?i ( regnum )	Animalia
Nganh ( phylum )	Chordata
L?p ( class )	Mammalia
B? ( ordo )	Artiodactyla
H? ( familia )	Cervidae
Phan h? ( subfamilia )	Capreolinae
Chi ( genus )	Rangifer ; C.H. Smith , 1827
Loai ( species )	R. tarandus
Danh phap hai ph?n
	Rangifer tarandus ; ( Linnaeus , 1758)
	; Moi tr??ng s?ng c?a Tu?n l?c la ? B?c M? va phia b?c Au A
Phan loai
	Danh sach R. t. buskensis ? Russia and neighbouring regions ; R. t. caboti ; ? ; R. t. caribou ? Canada and U.S. ; R. t. granti ? Alaska, Yukon ; R. t. fennicus ? Russia, Finland ; R. t. groenlandicus ? Nunavut , NWT, western Greenland ; R. tarandus osborni ; ? British Columbia ; R. t. pearsoni ? Russia and neighbouring regions ; R. t. pearyi ? Baffin Island , Nunavut, NWT ; R. t. phylarchus ? Kamchatka / Okhotsk ; R. t. platyrhynchus ? Svalbard islands of Na Uy ; R. t. tarandus ? Eurasia's Arctic tundra of Eurasia Fennoscandia peninsula ; R. t. terraenovae ; ? Newfoundland ; R. t. sibiricus ? Siberian Tundra ; †R. t. dawsoni ? † Queen Charlotte Islands ; †R. t. eogroenlandicus ? †eastern Greenland Also see text ;
Danh phap đ?ng ngh?a
	caribou in North America

Tu?n l?c ( danh phap khoa h?c : Rangifer tarandus ), con đ??c g?i la tu?n l?c B?c M? , thu?c h? H??u nai ? vung B?c c?c va g?n B?c C?c, bao g?m c? hai qu?n th? c? tru va di c?. Trong khi t?ng th? B?c chau M? ph? bi?n r?ng rai va r?t nhi?u, ^[2] m?t s? phan loai c?a no la r?t hi?m va m?t (ho?c hai, tuy thu?c vao phan lo?i) đa tuy?t ch?ng . ^[3]^[4]

Kich th??c va đ?c đi?m [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Tu?n l?c thay đ?i đang k? trong mau s?c va kich th??c. C? hai gi?i đ?c cai đ?u phat tri?n g?c (s?ng), m?c du ? con đ?c, g?c th??ng l?n h?n. Co m?t s? it con cai thi?u g?c hoan toan.

đ??c s? d?ng [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

S? s?n b?n va ch?n nuoi tu?n l?c hoang da va tu?n l?c nuoi (đ? l?y th?t, da, s?a, g?c va dung trong giao thong v?n t?i) la quan tr?ng đ?i v?i ng??i ? B?c C?c va m?t s? ng??i c?n B?c C?c. ^[5] Th?m chi đ?n nay ben ngoai lanh th? c?a no, tu?n l?c c?ng đ??c bi?t đ?n nhi?u do huy?n tho?i M? ph? bi?n, co th? co ngu?n g?c vao đ?u th? k? 19 , trong đo xe tr??t tuy?t c?a ong gia Noel đ??c keo b?i tu?n l?c bay, m?t y?u t? th? t?c ph? bi?n c?a l? Giang sinh . Trong s? 9 con tu?n l?c thi con tu?n l?c Rudolph n?i ti?ng nh?t vi co chi?c m?i đ? phat sang đ? d?n đ??ng cho ong gia Noel va 8 con tu?n l?c khac vao bu?i t?i ^[6]^[7]

Phan loai [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

R. t. buskensis
R. t. caboti
R. t. caribou
R. t. granti
R. t. fennicus
R. t. groenlandicus
R. tarandus osborni
R. t. pearsoni
R. t. pearyi
R. t. phylarchus
R. t. platyrhynchus
R. t. tarandus
R. t. terraenovae
R. t. sibiricus
†R. t. dawsoni
†R. t. eogroenlandicus

Cac loai tu?n l?c [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Hinh ?nh [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Chu thich [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

^ Kurten, Bjorn (1968). “Pleistocene Mammals of Europe” . Transaction Publishers: 170?. ISBN 978-1-4128-4514-4 . Truy c?p ngay 6 thang 8 n?m 2013 . Chu thich journal c?n |journal= ( tr? giup )
^ ^a ^b Gunn, A. (2016). “ Rangifer tarandus ” . Sach đ? IUCN v? cac loai b? đe d?a . 2016 : e.T29742A22167140. doi : 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29742A22167140.en . Truy c?p ngay 20 thang 12 n?m 2021 .
^ Peter Gravlund, Morten Meldgaard, Svante Paabo, and Peter Arctander (1998). “Polyphyletic Origin of the Small-Bodied, High-Arctic Subspecies of Tundra Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus )”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 10 (2): 151?9. doi : 10.1006/mpev.1998.0525 . PMID 9878226 . Qu?n ly CS1: nhi?u ten: danh sach tac gi? ( lien k?t )
^ S. A. Byun, B. F. Koop, and T. E. Reimchen (2002). “Evolution of the Dawson caribou ( Rangifer tarandus dawsoni )” . Can. J. Zool . 80 (5): 956?960. doi : 10.1139/z02-062 . Qu?n ly CS1: nhi?u ten: danh sach tac gi? ( lien k?t )
^ "In North America and Eurasia the species has long been an important resource?in many areas the most important resource?for peoples inhabiting the northern boreal forest and tundra regions. Known human dependence on caribou/wild reindeer has a long history, beginning in the Middle Pleistocene (Banfield 1961:170; Kurten 1968:170) and continuing to the present....The caribou/wild reindeer is thus an animal that has been a major resource for humans throughout a tremendous geographic area and across a time span of tens of thousands of years." Ernest S. Burch, Jr. (1972). “The Caribou/Wild Reindeer as a Human Resource” . American Antiquity . 37 (3): 339?368. doi : 10.2307/278435 . JSTOR 278435 .
^ Flying Reindeer and Santa Claus: Fact, Fiction and Myth . Icr.arcticportal.org (2008-12-15). Truy c?p 2011-09-16.
^ The Sami and their reindeer ? University of Texas at Austin

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

D? li?u lien quan t?i Rangifer tarandus t?i Wikispecies
T? li?u lien quan t?i Rangifer tarandus t?i Wikimedia Commons

[Kurt-1] Kurten, Bjorn (1968). “Pleistocene Mammals of Europe” . Transaction Publishers: 170?. ISBN 978-1-4128-4514-4 . Truy c?p ngay 6 thang 8 n?m 2013 . Chu thich journal c?n |journal= ( tr? giup )

[IUCN-2] Gunn, A. (2016). “ Rangifer tarandus ” . Sach đ? IUCN v? cac loai b? đe d?a . 2016 : e.T29742A22167140. doi : 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29742A22167140.en . Truy c?p ngay 20 thang 12 n?m 2021 .

[HighArctic-3] Peter Gravlund, Morten Meldgaard, Svante Paabo, and Peter Arctander (1998). “Polyphyletic Origin of the Small-Bodied, High-Arctic Subspecies of Tundra Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus )”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 10 (2): 151?9. doi : 10.1006/mpev.1998.0525 . PMID 9878226 . Qu?n ly CS1: nhi?u ten: danh sach tac gi? ( lien k?t )

[dawsoni-4] S. A. Byun, B. F. Koop, and T. E. Reimchen (2002). “Evolution of the Dawson caribou ( Rangifer tarandus dawsoni )” . Can. J. Zool . 80 (5): 956?960. doi : 10.1139/z02-062 . Qu?n ly CS1: nhi?u ten: danh sach tac gi? ( lien k?t )

[Burch-5] "In North America and Eurasia the species has long been an important resource?in many areas the most important resource?for peoples inhabiting the northern boreal forest and tundra regions. Known human dependence on caribou/wild reindeer has a long history, beginning in the Middle Pleistocene (Banfield 1961:170; Kurten 1968:170) and continuing to the present....The caribou/wild reindeer is thus an animal that has been a major resource for humans throughout a tremendous geographic area and across a time span of tens of thousands of years." Ernest S. Burch, Jr. (1972). “The Caribou/Wild Reindeer as a Human Resource” . American Antiquity . 37 (3): 339?368. doi : 10.2307/278435 . JSTOR 278435 .

[6] Flying Reindeer and Santa Claus: Fact, Fiction and Myth . Icr.arcticportal.org (2008-12-15). Truy c?p 2011-09-16.

[7] The Sami and their reindeer ? University of Texas at Austin

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Rangifer tarandus
Th?i đi?m hoa th?ch: Pleistocene 620,000 BP ^[1] to present

Tinh tr?ng b?o t?n
S?p nguy c?p ( IUCN 3.1 ) ^[2]
Phan lo?i khoa h?c
Gi?i ( regnum )	Animalia
Nganh ( phylum )	Chordata
L?p ( class )	Mammalia
B? ( ordo )	Artiodactyla
H? ( familia )	Cervidae
Phan h? ( subfamilia )	Capreolinae
Chi ( genus )	Rangifer C.H. Smith , 1827
Loai ( species )	R. tarandus
Danh phap hai ph?n
Rangifer tarandus ( Linnaeus , 1758)
Moi tr??ng s?ng c?a Tu?n l?c la ? B?c M? va phia b?c Au A
Phan loai
Danh sach R. t. buskensis ? Russia and neighbouring regions R. t. caboti ? R. t. caribou ? Canada and U.S. R. t. granti ? Alaska, Yukon R. t. fennicus ? Russia, Finland R. t. groenlandicus ? Nunavut , NWT, western Greenland R. tarandus osborni ? British Columbia R. t. pearsoni ? Russia and neighbouring regions R. t. pearyi ? Baffin Island , Nunavut, NWT R. t. phylarchus ? Kamchatka / Okhotsk R. t. platyrhynchus ? Svalbard islands of Na Uy R. t. tarandus ? Eurasia's Arctic tundra of Eurasia Fennoscandia peninsula R. t. terraenovae ? Newfoundland R. t. sibiricus ? Siberian Tundra †R. t. dawsoni ? † Queen Charlotte Islands †R. t. eogroenlandicus ? †eastern Greenland Also see text
Danh phap đ?ng ngh?a
caribou in North America