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Tri?t h?c cong ngh? ? Wikipedia ti?ng Vi?t B??c t?i n?i dung

Tri?t h?c cong ngh?

Bach khoa toan th? m? Wikipedia

Tri?t h?c cong ngh? la m?t l?nh v?c tri?t h?c nghien c?u b?n ch?t c?a cong ngh? va cac h? qu? xa h?i c?a no. Cu?c th?o lu?n tri?t h?c lien quan đ?n cong ngh? (technology - co ngu?n g?c t? ti?ng Hy L?p techne ) co th? truy nguyen v? nh?ng bu?i đ?u c?a tri?t h?c ph??ng Tay . Thu?t ng? “tri?t h?c v? cong ngh?” đ??c s? d?ng l?n đ?u vao th? k? 19 b?i nha tri?t h?c va nha đ?a ly ng??i đ?c Ernest Kapp , ng??i đa xu?t b?n m?t quy?n sach co ten la “Nh?ng Nguyen ly c?a Tri?t h?c Cong ngh?” (Grundlinien einer Philosophie der Technik). [1] [2]

L?ch s? [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Tri?t h?c Hy L?p [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Thu?t ng? ph??ng Tay ‘cong ngh?’ (technonoly) đ?n t? thu?t ng? Hy L?p techne (τ?χνη) (ngh? thu?t, hay tri th?c tinh x?o) va nh?ng quan ni?m tri?t h?c v? cong ngh? co th? truy đ?n t?n g?c r? c?a tri?t h?c ph??ng Tay [1] . M?t quan đi?m th??ng g?p c?a ng??i Hy L?p la xem techne sinh ra t? s? b?t ch??c t? nhien (vi d? nh? vi?c d?t v?i phat tri?n t? vi?c quan sat loai nh?n). Cac nha tri?t h?c Hy L?p nh? Heraclitus va Democritus ?ng h? quan đi?m nay. Trong tac ph?m V?t ly h?c , Aristotle đ?ng y r?ng s? b?t ch??c nay th??ng la nguyen nhan, nh?ng c?ng l?p lu?n r?ng techne co th? v??t qua t? nhien va hoan thanh “nh?ng gi t? nhien khong th? hoan thanh.” Aristotle c?ng l?p lu?n r?ng t? nhien ( physis ) va techne la khac bi?t v? m?t b?n th? b?i vi nh?ng v?t t? nhien co a nguyen t?c n?i t?i v? v?n đ?ng va sinh s?n, c?ng nh? co m?t nguyen nhan m?c đich lu?n n?i t?i. Trong khi techne đ??c đ?nh hinh b?i m?t nguyen nhan ben ngoai hay m?t telos (m?c đich) ben ngoai, cai đ?nh hinh chung. Cac v?t t? nhien v??n t?i m?t vai m?c đich va tai s?n xu?t chinh chung, trong khi techne thi khong. Trong "Timaeus" c?a Plato, th? gi?i đ??c mo t? nh? la cong vi?c c?a m?t ng??i th? th?n thanh (Demiurge) ng??i đa t?o ra th? gi?i t??ng ?ng theo cac hinh th?c v?nh c?u nh? m?t ng??i th? th? cong s? d?ng cac b?n thi?t k?. Ngoai ra, Plato l?p lu?n trong "Lu?t Phap", r?ng nh?ng gi m?t ng??i th? th? cong lam la b?t ch??c ng??i th? th?n thanh nay.

T? th?i Trung c? đ?n Th? k? 19 [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

T? t??c Francis Bacon

Trong su?t th?i k? đ? ch? La Ma đ?n cu?i th?i c? đ?i cac tac gi? t?o nen nh?ng tac ph?m th?c ti?n nh? De Architectura c?a Vitruvius (Th? k? 1 TCN) va De Re Metallica c?a Agricola (1556). Tri?t h?c Kinh vi?n Trung c? nhin chung gi? quan đi?m truy?n th?ng v? cong ngh? nh? la s? b?t ch??c t? nhien. Trong su?t th?i Ph?c h?ng , Francis Bacon tr? thanh m?t trong cac tac gi? hi?n đ?i đ?u tien suy ng?m v? tac đ?ng c?a cong ngh? v?i xa h?i. Trong tac ph?m khong t??ng c?a minh New Atlantis (1627), Bacon đ?a ra m?t quan đi?m l?c quan ch? ngh?a trong m?t thi?t ch? gi? t??ng (Ngoi nha c?a Salomon) s? d?ng tri?t h?c t? nhien va cong ngh? đ? m? r?ng s?c m?nh c?a con ng??i tr??c t? nhien, vi s? c?i thi?n xa h?i, thong qua nh?ng vi?c c?i t?o đi?u ki?n s?ng. M?c tieu c?a t? ch?c gi? t??ng nay la “…hi?u bi?t v? nguyen nhan va nh?ng chuy?n đ?ng bi m?t c?a s? v?t; va m? r?ng nh?ng gi?i h?n c?a đ? ch? con ng??i, t?i vi?c tac đ?ng vao t?t c? nh?ng đi?u co th?”.

Th? k? 19 [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Nha tri?t h?c va đ?a ly h?c g?c đ?c Ernst Kapp , đ?nh c? ? Texas , đa xu?t b?n m?t quy?n sach c?n b?n “Grundlinien einer Philosophie der Technik" ( Nh?ng Nguyen ly c?a Tri?t h?c Cong ngh? ) vao n?m 1877. [2]  Kapp b? ?nh h??ng sau s?c b?i tri?t h?c c?a Hegel va coi cong ngh? nh? la m?t s? phong chi?u cac c? quan c? th? ng??i. Trong b?i c?nh chau Au, Kapp đ??c xem nh? la ng??i sang l?p mon Tri?t h?c Cong ngh?. M?t khac, m?t l?p tr??ng duy v?t h?n v? cong ngh? ma đa tr? thanh c?c k? ?nh h??ng trong tri?t h?c cong ngh? th? k? 20 đ??c xoay quanh cac y t??ng c?a Benjamin Franklin va Karl Marx .

Th? k? 20 [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

N?m nha tri?t h?c n?i b?t th? k? 20 đ? c?p tr?c ti?p t?i ?nh h??ng c?a cong ngh? hi?n đ?i t?i nhan lo?i la John Dewey , Martin Heidegger , Herbert Marcuse , Gunther Anders va Hannah Arendt . T?t c? h? đ?u nhin cong ngh? nh? la trung tam c?a đ?i s?ng hi?n đ?i, m?c du Heidegger, Anders, Arendt va Marcuse n??c đoi h?n va it phe phan h?n Deway. Theo Heidegger, v?n n?n n?m ? b?n ch?t đa b? che gi?u đi c?a y?u tinh k? thu?t, vi?c khuon đ?nh ( Enframing) (hay "s? đong khung" - Gestell trong ti?ng đ?c) đ?a con ng??i đ?n cai ma ong g?i la m?i đe d?a l?n nh?t, nh?ng đ?ng th?i c?ng chinh la kh? th? t?i ?u c?a no. Tac ph?m chinh c?a Heidegger v? cong ngh? đ??c tim th?y trong tac ph?m Cau h?i v? Cong ngh? .

Tri?t h?c đ??ng đ?i [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Cac nha tri?t h?c đ??ng đ?i co quan tam t?i v?n đ? cong ngh? bao g?m Jean Baudrillard , Albert Borgmann , Andrew Feenberg , Langdon Winner , Donna Haraway , Avital Ronell , Brian Holmes , Don Ihde , Bruno Latour , Paul Levinson , Ernesto Mayz Vallenilla , Carl Mitcham , Leo Marx , Gilbert Simondon , Lewis Mumford , Jacques Ellul , Bernard Stiegler , Paul Virilio , Gunter Ropohl , Nicole C. Karafyllis , Richard Sennett va George Grant .

Trong khi m?t lo?t cac tac ph?m quan tr?ng đ??c xu?t b?n vao n?a sau c?a th? k? 20, Paul Durbin đa xac đ?nh hai quy?n sach đ??c xu?t b?n đ??c coi nh? la đa đanh d?u b??c ngo?t trong s? phat tri?n c?a tri?t h?c cong ngh? nh? la m?t phan mon han lam v?i cac giao trinh kinh đi?n. [3]  đo la " Cong ngh? va đ?i s?ng T?t đ?p " (2000), vi?t b?i Eric Higgs, Andrew Light, David Strong va " Tri?t h?c M? v? Cong ngh? " (2001) b?i Hans Achterhuis.

Cong ngh? va tinh trung l?p [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Cung v?i nh?ng ti?n b? trong cong ngh? c?ng đ?ng th?i d?y len nh?ng quan ng?i v? ?nh h??ng c?a no len xa h?i. Lelia Green dung nh?ng v? th?m sat b?ng sung g?n đay nh? V? th?m sat Port Arthur va V? th?m sat Dunblane đ? đ?a khai ni?m v? quy?t đ?nh lu?n cong ngh? va quy?t đ?nh lu?n xa h?i . Quy?t đ?nh lu?n cong ngh? l?p lu?n r?ng “m?t đ?c tinh c?a cong ngh? la no quy?t đ?nh vi?c s? d?ng va nhi?m v? c?a ti?n b? xa h?i la đi?u hinh đ? [ho?c h??ng l?i t?] cac thay đ?i v? cong ngh?.” Quan ni?m khac la quy?t đ?nh lu?n xa h?i ma coi xa h?i co l?i trong vi?c “phat tri?n va s? d?ng” cac cong ngh?. Ph?n ?ng t?i cac v? x? sung di?n ra khac nhau theo vung. C? quan h?u trach Tasmania lam cho lu?t v? sung ch?t ch? h?n, trong khi đo ? M? l?i co nhu c?u ?ng h? v? khi nong. Va s? chia r? x?y ra ? đay, c? trong ph??ng di?n t? t??ng l?n xa h?i. Theo nh? Green, m?t cong ngh? co th? đ??c ngh? nh? la m?t th?c th? trung tinh ch? khi b?i c?nh v?n hoa xa h?i va cac v?n đ? xoay quanh nh?ng cong ngh? c? th? đ??c thao g?. Khi đo no s? b?c l? cho chung ta th?y m?t m?i quan h? gi?a cac nhom xa h?i va quy?n l?c đ??c t?o nen b?i vi?c s? h?u cac cong ngh?.

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

  1. ^ a b Marquit, Erwin (1995). “Philosophy of Technology” . B?n g?c l?u tr? ngay 15 thang 10 n?m 2015 . Truy c?p ngay 25 thang 9 n?m 2015 .
  2. ^ a b Ernst Kapp : Grundlinien einer Philosophie der Technik. Zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Cultur aus neuen Gesichtspunkten (Braunschweig/Brunswick 1877, Reprint Dusseldorf 1978, Engl. Translation Chicago 1978).
  3. ^ Techne Vol 7 No 1

Th? m?c [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Sach
  • Joseph Agassi (1985) Technology: Philosophical and Social Aspects , Episteme, Dordrecht: Kluwer. ISBN 90-277-2044-4 .
  • Hans Achterhuis (2001) American Philosophy of Technology Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33903-4
  • Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen and Evan Selinger (2006) Philosophy of Technology: 5 Questions . New York: Automatic Press / VIP. website
  • Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen, Stig Andur Pedersen and Vincent F. Hendricks (2009) A Companion to the Philosophy of Technology . Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-4601-2
  • Borgmann, Albert (1984) Technology and the Character of Contemporary Life . University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-06628-8
  • Drengson, A. (1995). The Practice of Technology: Exploring Technology, Ecophilosophy, and Spiritual Disciplines for Vital Links , State University of New York Press, ISBN 079142670X .
  • Dusek, V. (2006). Philosophy of Technology: An Introduction , Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 1405111631 .
  • Ellul, Jacques (1964), The Technological Society . Vintage Books.
  • Michael Eldred (2000) 'Capital and Technology: Marx and Heidegger' , Left Curve L?u tr? 2020-01-17 t?i Wayback Machine No.24, May 2000 ISSN   0160-1857 (Ver. 3.0 2010). Original German edition Kapital und Technik: Marx und Heidegger , Roell Verlag, Dettelbach, 2000 117 pp. ISBN 3-89754-171-8 .
  • Michael Eldred (2009) 'Critiquing Feenberg on Heidegger's Aristotle and the Question Concerning Technology' .
  • Feenberg, Andrew (1999) Questioning Technology . Routledge Press. ISBN 978-0-415-19754-0
  • Ferre, F. (1995). Philosophy of Technology ,University of Georgia Press, ISBN 0820317616 .
  • Green,Lelia (2001) Technoculture: From Alphabet to Cybersex . Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest pp 1?20.
  • Heidegger, Martin (1977) The Question Concerning Technology . Harper and Row.
  • Hickman, Larry (1992) John Dewey's Pragmatic Technology . Indiana University Press.
  • Eric Higgs, Andrew Light and David Strong. (2000). Technology and the Good Life . Chicago University Press.
  • Christoph Hubig, Alois Huning, Gunter Ropohl (2000) Nachdenken uber Technik. Die Klassiker der Technikphilosophie . Berlin: edition sigma. 2nd ed. 2001.
  • Huesemann, M.H., and J.A. Huesemann (2011). Technofix: Why Technology Won’t Save Us or the Environment , New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada, ISBN 0865717044 , 464 pp.
  • Ihde, D. (1998). Philosophy of Technology , Paragon House, ISBN 1557782733 .
  • David M. Kaplan, ed. (2004) Readings in the Philosophy of Technology . Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Manuel de Landa War in the Age of Intelligent Machines . (1991). Zone Books. ISBN 978-0-942299-75-5 .
  • Levinson, Paul (1988) Mind at Large: Knowing in the Technological Age . JAI Press.
  • Lyotard, Jean-Francois (1984) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge . University of Minnesota Press.
  • McLuhan, Marshall .
    • The Gutenberg Galaxy . (1962). Mentor.
    • Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man . (1964). McGraw Hill.
  • Mitcham, Carl. (1994). Thinking Through Technology . University of Chicago Press.
  • Nechvatal, Joseph (2009) Towards an Immersive Intelligence: Essays on the Work of Art in the Age of Computer Technology and Virtual Reality (1993?2006) . Edgewise Press.
  • Nechvatal, Joseph (2009) Immersive Ideals / Critical Distances . LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
  • Nye, David. (2006). Technology Matters . The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-64067-1
  • Marshall Poe. (2011) A History of Communications . Cambridge University Press. New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-107-00435-1
  • Scharff, Robert C. and Val Dusek eds. (2003). Philosophy of Technology: The Technological Condition. An Anthology . Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-631-22219-4
  • Seemann, Kurt. (2003). Basic Principles in Holistic Technology Education. Journal of Technology Education , V14.No.2.
  • Shaw, Jeffrey M. (2014). Illusions of Freedom: Thomas Merton and Jacques Ellul on Technology and the Human Condition . Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock. ISBN 978-1625640581 .
  • Simondon, Gilbert.
    • Du mode d'existence des objets techniques . (1958). (ti?ng Phap)
    • L'individu et sa genese physico-biologique (l'individuation a la lumiere des notions de forme et d'information) , (1964). Paris PUF (ti?ng Phap)
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  • Winner, Langdon. (1977). Autonomous Technology . MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-23078-0
Ti?u lu?n
  • Kingsnorth, Paul (ngay 30 thang 12 n?m 2015). The keyboard and the spade, in New Statesman

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