Token khong th? thay th?

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Non-fungible token (t?m d?ch: token khong th? thay th?, vi?t t?t: NFT ) la m?t đ?n v? d? li?u tren s? cai k? thu?t s? đ??c g?i la blockchain . Trong đo, m?i NFT co th? đ?i di?n cho m?t t?p tin đ?c nh?t vo nh? va vi v?y, chung khong th? hoan đ?i cho nhau. NFT co th? t?n t?i d??i nhi?u d?ng t?p k? thu?t s? nh? tac ph?m ngh? thu?t, am thanh, video, mon đ? trong tro ch?i đi?n t? va cac tac ph?m sang t?o khac. M?c du v? ly thuy?t, cac t?p k? thu?t s? co th? tai t?o vo h?n nh?ng NFT đ?i di?n cho chung đ??c l?u l?i tren cac blockchain ma chung thu?c v?. Chung đ??c xem nh? ch?ng ch? xac th?c quy?n s? h?u đ?i v?i m?t s?n ph?m nao đo. [1] [2] Cac blockchain nh? Ethereum va Flow đ?u co nh?ng tieu chu?n token (ma thong bao) rieng đ? xac đ?nh vi?c s? d?ng NFT.

NFT ch? y?u v?n hanh tren blockchain proof-of-work . Blockchain d?ng nay s? s? d?ng n?ng l??ng kem hi?u qu? h?n so v?i blockchain proof-of-stake . Chinh vi đi?u nay ma NFT b? ch? trich vi m?c đ? x? th?i cacbon trong m?i l?n giao d?ch.

Th? tr??ng NFT đa t?ng tr??ng 300% n?m 2020, đ?t h?n 250 tri?u đo. [3] T?i quy đ?u n?m 2021, doanh s? NFT đa v??t 2 t? đo. [4]

đ?nh ngh?a [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Non-fungible token (NFT) la m?t đ?n v? d? li?u đ??c l?u tr? tren blockchain (s? cai k? thu?t s?). [1] Chung co th? đ??c xem nh? đ?i di?n cho m?t m?t hang k? thu?t s? đ?c nh?t, ch?ng h?n nh? tac ph?m ngh? thu?t. Nhin t? goc đ? khac, NFT con la m?t token d?ng m?t ma . Tuy nhien, khac v?i nh?ng lo?i ti?n ma hoa nh? bitcoin , va nhi?u m?ng l??i, c?ng nh? token ti?n ich, thi NFT khong th? hoan đ?i cho nhau, hay noi cach khac la fungible. [5] M?t NFT đ??c t?o ra b?ng cach t?i m?t t?p len th? tr??ng đ?u gia NFT. Nh?ng th? tr??ng đ?u gia ?y co th? la KnownOrigin, Rarible ho?c OpenSea . [6] Vi?c nay s? t?o ra b?n sao c?a m?t t?p đ??c l?u l?i tren s? cai k? thu?t s? d??i d?ng NFT. Ng??i co nhu c?u co th? mua NFT b?ng ti?n ma hoa, sau nay v?n co th? ban l?i. Ngh? s? sang t?o ra tac ph?m co th? ban no d??i d?ng NFT ma v?n gi? đ??c b?n quy?n, đ?ng th?i t?o ra nhi?u NFT tren cung 1 tac ph?m. [7] [8] Ng??i mua NFT khong co quy?n truy c?p đ?c quy?n vao tac ph?m, [9] c?ng nh? khong co quy?n s? h?u đ?i v?i t?p k? thu?t s? "g?c". [10] Ng??i t?i len m?t tac ph?m nao đo d??i d?ng NFT khong nh?t thi?t ph?i ch?ng minh r?ng minh la ngh? s? g?c. [11] Co nhi?u tr??ng h?p tac ph?m đ??c mang ra đ?u gia NFT ma khong c?n s? cho phep c?a ng??i sang t?o g?c. [12]

S? d?ng [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

NFT co th? s? d?ng đ? t?o ra s? khan hi?m nhan t?o (artificial scarcity) c?a cac tac ph?m k? thu?t s? b?ng cach t?o ra m?t NFT duy nh?t v?i m?t ch? ky s? đ?c nh?t. [13] NFT c?a tac ph?m ngh? thu?t c?ng vi th? co net t??ng đ?ng v?i mon đ? co ch? ky ng??i n?i ti?ng. [14] Danh tinh va quy?n s? h?u duy nh?t c?a m?t NFT co th? xac minh thong qua s? cai blockchain. NFT co sieu d? li?u đ??c x? ly thong qua m?t ham b?m m?t ma . [15]

Tranh v? k? thu?t s? [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Tranh v? k? thu?t s? la vi d? ban đ?u v? NFT, vi cong ngh? c?a blockchain co kh? n?ng đ?m b?o NFT co ch? ky va quy?n s? h?u đ?c nh?t. [16] Tranh v? k? thu?t s? c?a Beeple đ??c ban v?i gia 69,3 tri?u đo la M? vao n?m 2021. [17] Christie’s đa t?o ra ti?ng t?m trong lang đ?u gia t? vi?c ban tac ph?m Everydays: The First 5000 Days v?i s? ti?n đo. [18]

B? s?u t?p [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

NFT co th? đ?i di?n cho cac b? s?u t?p, ch?ng h?n nh? s?u t?m th? bai nh?ng ? đ?nh d?ng k? thu?t s?. Vao thang 2 n?m 2021, m?t th? Lebron James slam dunk NFT tren n?n t?ng NBA Top Shot đ??c ban v?i gia 208.000 đo la M?. [19]

Tro ch?i [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

NFT c?ng co th? đ??c s? d?ng đ? đ?i di?n cho n?i dung trong tro ch?i đ??c ki?m soat b?i ng??i dung thay vi nha phat tri?n tro ch?i . NFT cho phep tai s?n đ??c giao d?ch tren th? tr??ng c?a ben th? ba ma khong c?n s? cho phep c?a nha phat tri?n tro ch?i. [20]

Tieu chu?n trong cac blockchain [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Tieu chu?n c? th? c?a token đ??c t?o ra đ? h? tr? ng??i ch?i blockchain . Chung bao g?m tieu chu?n Ethereum ERC-721 c?a CryptoKitties va g?n đay h?n la tieu chu?n ERC-1155. [21] Cac tieu chu?n token c?ng t?n t?i tren cac blockchain khac h? tr? NFT nh? Bitcoin Cash va Flow. [22]

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

  1. ^ a b Dean, Sam (ngay 11 thang 3 n?m 2021). “$69 million for digital art? The NFT craze, explained” . Los Angeles Times . Truy c?p ngay 12 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  2. ^ L?u Quy (17 thang 3 n?m 2021). “NFT - 'c?n s?t' m?i sau Bitcoin” . VnExpress . L?u tr? b?n g?c 17 thang 3 n?m 2021 . Truy c?p 28 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  3. ^ “The NFT Market Tripled Last Year, and It's Gaining Even More Momentum in 2021” . Morning Brew (b?ng ti?ng Anh) . Truy c?p ngay 25 thang 9 n?m 2021 .
  4. ^ Frank, Robert (13 thang 4 n?m 2021). “NFT sales top $2 billion in first quarter, with twice as many buyers as sellers” . CNBC (b?ng ti?ng Anh) . Truy c?p ngay 25 thang 9 n?m 2021 .
  5. ^ “WTF Is an NFT, Anyway? And Should I Care?” . Wired (b?ng ti?ng Anh). ISSN   1059-1028 . Truy c?p ngay 13 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  6. ^ Allyn, Bobby (ngay 5 thang 3 n?m 2021). “What's An NFT? And Why Are People Paying Millions To Buy Them?” . NPR . Truy c?p ngay 12 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  7. ^ Salmon, Felix (ngay 12 thang 3 n?m 2021). “How to exhibit your very own $69 million Beeple” . Axios . Truy c?p ngay 13 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  8. ^ Clark, Mitchell (ngay 11 thang 3 n?m 2021). “NFTs, explained” . The Verge . Truy c?p ngay 11 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  9. ^ Thaddeus-Johns, Josie (ngay 11 thang 3 n?m 2021). “What Are NFTs, Anyway? One Just Sold for $69 Million” . The New York Times . Truy c?p ngay 13 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  10. ^ “NFT blockchain drives surge in digital art auctions” . BBC . ngay 3 thang 3 n?m 2021 . Truy c?p ngay 12 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  11. ^ Debre, Elena; Mak, Aaron (ngay 11 thang 3 n?m 2021). “How in the World Did a "Digital Artwork" Sell for $69 Million at Christie's?” . Slate . Truy c?p ngay 12 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  12. ^ Schreier, Jason (ngay 9 thang 3 n?m 2021). “Gaming Crypto-Artists Court Controversy While Cashing in on NFTs” . Bloomberg . Truy c?p ngay 12 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  13. ^ Gemmell, Katharine (ngay 8 thang 3 n?m 2021). “Should You Buy a Bitcoin-Inspired Image of Lindsay Lohan?” . Bloomberg . Truy c?p ngay 12 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  14. ^ Peters, Jay (ngay 5 thang 3 n?m 2021). “Please do not give billionaire Jack Dorsey money for his tweet” . The Verge (b?ng ti?ng Anh) . Truy c?p ngay 12 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  15. ^ “Want to Buy an NFT? Here's What to Know” . The Wall Street Journal . ngay 13 thang 3 n?m 2021 . Truy c?p ngay 14 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  16. ^ Patterson, Dan (ngay 4 thang 3 n?m 2021). “Blockchain company buys and burns Banksy artwork to turn it into a digital original” . CBS News . Truy c?p ngay 17 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  17. ^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (ngay 11 thang 3 n?m 2021). “Beeple sold an NFT for $69 million” (b?ng ti?ng Anh). The Verge . L?u tr? b?n g?c ngay 21 thang 3 n?m 2021 . Truy c?p ngay 21 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  18. ^ “How Has the Media Covered Beeple and NFTs?” . Auction Daily (b?ng ti?ng Anh) . Truy c?p ngay 17 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  19. ^ “How a 10-second video clip sold for $6.6 million” . Reuters . ngay 1 thang 3 n?m 2021 . Truy c?p ngay 22 thang 3 n?m 2021 .
  20. ^ Quiroz-Gutierrez, Marco (ngay 22 thang 3 n?m 2021). “NFTs Are Spurring a Digital Land Grab?in Videogame Worlds” . Wall Street Journal .
  21. ^ Volpicelli, Gian (ngay 24 thang 2 n?m 2021). “The bitcoin elite are spending millions on collectable memes” . Wired UK .
  22. ^ “Uniswap UNI Token was "Shining Star" of DeFi this Past Week, while Ethereum based NFTs Rising in Popularity” . CrowdFund Insider . ngay 7 thang 3 n?m 2021 . Truy c?p ngay 10 thang 3 n?m 2021 .

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