San giao d?ch ti?n ma hoa

San giao d?ch ti?n ma hoa ( Cryptocurrency exchange ) hay con g?i la San giao d?ch ti?n đi?n t? ( Digital currency exchange / DCE ) la m?t doanh nghi?p cho phep khach hang th?c hi?n giao d?ch ti?n đi?n t? ho?c ti?n k? thu?t s? đ? đ?i l?y cac tai s?n khac, ch?ng h?n nh? ti?n đ?nh danh thong th??ng ho?c cac lo?i ti?n k? thu?t s? khac. Cac san giao d?ch co th? ch?p nh?n thanh toan b?ng th? tin d?ng , chuy?n kho?n ngan hang ho?c cac hinh th?c thanh toan khac đ? đ?i l?y ti?n k? thu?t s? ho?c ti?n đi?n t?. M?t san giao d?ch ti?n đi?n t? co th? la m?t nha t?o l?p th? tr??ng th??ng l?y chenh l?ch gia th?u-chao ban lam hoa h?ng giao d?ch cho d?ch v? c?a minh ho?c cho m?t n?n t?ng phu h?p, ch? tinh phi (phi giao d?ch). M?t s? cong ty moi gi?i c?ng t?p trung vao cac tai s?n khac nh? c? phi?u ch?ng h?n nh? cong ty Robinhood va eToro đ?u cho phep ng??i dung mua nh?ng khong rut ti?n đi?n t? v? vi ti?n ma hoa . Tuy nhien, cac san giao d?ch ti?n đi?n t? chuyen d?ng nh? Binance va Coinbase cho phep rut ti?n đi?n t?. San giao d?ch ti?n đi?n t? th??ng co th? g?i ti?n đi?n t? đ?n vi ti?n đi?n t? ca nhan c?a ng??i dung. M?t s? co th? chuy?n đ?i s? d? ti?n k? thu?t s? thanh th? tr? tr??c ?n danh ( Anonymous prepaid cards ) co th? đ??c s? d?ng đ? rut ti?n t? ATM tren toan th? gi?i. ^[1]^[2] trong khi cac lo?i ti?n k? thu?t s? khac đ??c b?o đ?m t? kh?i l??ng hang hoa th?c t? nh? vang . ^[3]

Nh?ng ng??i t?o ra ti?n k? thu?t s? th??ng đ?c l?p v?i san giao d?ch ti?n k? thu?t s? t?o đi?u ki?n thu?n l?i cho giao d?ch b?ng ti?n t? . ^[2] Trong m?t lo?i h? th?ng, nha cung c?p ti?n k? thu?t s? ( DCP ) la cac doanh nghi?p l?u gi? va qu?n ly tai kho?n cho khach hang c?a h? nh?ng nhin chung khong tr?c ti?p phat hanh ti?n k? thu?t s? cho nh?ng khach hang đo. ^[4]^[5] Khach hang mua ho?c ban ti?n k? thu?t s? t? cac san giao d?ch ti?n k? thu?t s?, nh?ng ng??i chuy?n ti?n k? thu?t s? vao ho?c r?i kh?i tai kho?n khach hang c?a nha cung c?p (DCP). ^[5] M?t s? san giao d?ch la cong ty con c?a nha cung c?p (DCP), nh?ng nhi?u san giao d?ch la doanh nghi?p đ?c l?p v? m?t phap ly . ^[4] M?nh gia c?a s? ti?n đ??c gi? trong tai kho?n nha cung c?p (DCP) co th? la ti?n th?t ( hi?n kim ) ho?c ti?n phi th?c (Fictitious currency). ^[5] Trao đ?i ti?n k? thu?t s? co th? la m?t ho?t đ?ng kinh doanh truy?n th?ng ho?c kinh doanh tr?c tuy?n. La m?t doanh nghi?p truy?n th?ng, no trao đ?i cac ph??ng th?c thanh toan truy?n th?ng va ti?n t? k? thu?t s?. La m?t doanh nghi?p tr?c tuy?n, no trao đ?i ti?n đi?n t? va ti?n t? k? thu?t s?. ^[4] Thong th??ng, cac san giao d?ch ti?n k? thu?t s? ho?t đ?ng ben ngoai cac n??c ph??ng Tay đ? tranh b? qu?n ly va truy t?. Tuy nhien, h? x? ly cac lo?i ti?n t? truy?n th?ng c?a ph??ng Tay va duy tri tai kho?n ngan hang ? m?t s? qu?c gia đ? t?o đi?u ki?n g?i ti?n b?ng nhi?u lo?i ti?n t? qu?c gia khac nhau. ^[1]^[2] San giao d?ch phi t?p trung nh? Etherdelta , IDEX va HADAX khong l?u tr? ti?n c?a ng??i dung tren san giao d?ch ma thay vao đo t?o đi?u ki?n thu?n l?i cho giao d?ch ti?n đi?n t? trong m?ng ngang hang . Cac san giao d?ch phi t?p trung co kh? n?ng ng?nh khang đ?i ch?i l?i v?i cac v?n đ? b?o m?t ?nh h??ng đ?n cac san giao d?ch khac, nh?ng co kh?i l??ng giao d?ch th?p. ^[6] (vao th?i đi?m tinh đ?n n?m 2018)

Kh?i phat [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

D?ch v? đ?u tien giao d?ch ti?n Bitcoin đ??c g?i la New Liberty Standard va xu?t hi?n vao n?m 2009, nh?ng r?t kho đ? g?i no la san giao d?ch ti?n đi?n t? theo đung ngh?a c?a t? nay, no gi?ng m?t cu?c th? nghi?m h?n. V?i s? tr? giup c?a no, co th? mua Bitcoin b?ng USD. Trang web đa đ??c ra m?t ngay c? tr??c khi co v? mua pizza n?i ti?ng v?i gia 10.000 BTC. Vao th?i đi?m đo, khong ai th?c s? bi?t cach xac đ?nh gia tr? c?a Bitcoin so v?i đ?ng đo la. San giao d?ch New Liberty Standard đ? xu?t y t??ng đ?nh gia m?t đ?ng ti?n d?a tren chi phi đi?n n?ng s? d?ng cho no. Kho?ng m?t n?m sau, cac san giao d?ch ti?n đi?n t? gi?ng v?i cac san giao d?ch hi?n đ?i h?n b?t đ?u xu?t hi?n: TradeHill , Bitcoin Market , Mt. Gox . S? phat tri?n tich c?c nh?t b?t đ?u vao n?m 2011. Trong s? cac san giao d?ch đ?u tien v?n đang ho?t đ?ng co Kraken , Huobi (HTX), OKX , Gate.io . Va m?c du Bitcoin đ??c hinh thanh chinh xac nh? m?t cong c? tai chinh phi t?p trung, nh?ng hoa ra vi?c t?p trung hoa v?n khong th? thi?u khi noi đ?n kh?i l??ng giao d?ch l?n.

Cac lo?i trao đ?i [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Trao đ?i ti?n đi?n t? co th? đ??c phan lo?i theo nhi?u thong s? khac nhau:

Co ho?c khong co xac minh;
Co ho?c khong co ti?n phap đ?nh ;
Giao ngay, giao d?ch t??ng lai, p2p;
Phi t?p trung (CEX) ho?c t?p trung (DEX);
đ??c qu?n ly ho?c khong đ??c ki?m soat;
Co ho?c khong co kh? n?ng gi?m ti?n hoa h?ng;
V?i giao d?ch ky qu? va khong co đon b?y;
Co va khong co n?n t?ng IEO;
Ho?t đ?ng ? m?t s? khu v?c phap ly nh?t đ?nh;
V?i tr? l??ng đ??c xac nh?n hay khong.

Chu thich [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

^ ^a ^b “Substantiation ? Money laundering in digital currencies (Unclassified)” . Money Laundering in Digital Currencies . National Drug Intelligence Center, US Department of Justice. thang 6 n?m 2008. L?u tr? b?n g?c ngay 14 thang 4 n?m 2022 . Truy c?p ngay 11 thang 1 n?m 2014 .
^ ^a ^b ^c Sood, Aditya K; Enbody, Richard J; Bansal, Rohit (2013). “Cybercrime: Dissecting the State of Underground Enterprise”. IEEE Internet Computing . IEEE Computer Society. 17 (1): 60?68. doi : 10.1109/MIC.2012.61 . S2CID 33861214 .
^ Byrnes, William H.; Munro, Robert J. (2 thang 10 n?m 2013). Money Laundering, Asset Forfeiture and Recovery and Compliance ? A Global Guide . LexisNexis. tr. 2802. ISBN 978-0-327-17084-6 . (Page number assigned by Google Books.)
^ ^a ^b ^c Working Group on Typologies (18 thang 10 n?m 2010). “Draft Report on Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing through New Payment Methods” (PDF) . Paris: Financial Action Task Force . B?n g?c (PDF) l?u tr? ngay 11 thang 2 n?m 2014. Chu thich journal c?n |journal= ( tr? giup )
^ ^a ^b ^c Hesterman, Jennifer L (17 thang 4 n?m 2013). The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus: An Alliance of International Drug Cartels, Organized Crime, and Terror Groups . CRC Press. tr. 218. ISBN 978-1-4665-5761-1 .
^ Russolillo, Steven; Jeong, Eun-Young (16 thang 7 n?m 2018). “Cryptocurrency Exchanges Are Getting Hacked Because It's Easy” . The Wall Street Journal (b?ng ti?ng Anh). ISSN 0099-9660 . L?u tr? b?n g?c ngay 11 thang 9 n?m 2018 . Truy c?p ngay 11 thang 9 n?m 2018 .

Rash, Wayne (7 thang 3 n?m 2018). “Crypto-Currency Exchanges, Coin Offerings Facing Likely SEC Regulation” . eWeek . Truy c?p ngay 9 thang 3 n?m 2018 .

[ndic2008-1] “Substantiation ? Money laundering in digital currencies (Unclassified)” . Money Laundering in Digital Currencies . National Drug Intelligence Center, US Department of Justice. thang 6 n?m 2008. L?u tr? b?n g?c ngay 14 thang 4 n?m 2022 . Truy c?p ngay 11 thang 1 n?m 2014 .

[sood2013-2] Sood, Aditya K; Enbody, Richard J; Bansal, Rohit (2013). “Cybercrime: Dissecting the State of Underground Enterprise”. IEEE Internet Computing . IEEE Computer Society. 17 (1): 60?68. doi : 10.1109/MIC.2012.61 . S2CID 33861214 .

[ByrnesMunro2013-3] Byrnes, William H.; Munro, Robert J. (2 thang 10 n?m 2013). Money Laundering, Asset Forfeiture and Recovery and Compliance ? A Global Guide . LexisNexis. tr. 2802. ISBN 978-0-327-17084-6 . (Page number assigned by Google Books.)

[secp-4] Working Group on Typologies (18 thang 10 n?m 2010). “Draft Report on Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing through New Payment Methods” (PDF) . Paris: Financial Action Task Force . B?n g?c (PDF) l?u tr? ngay 11 thang 2 n?m 2014. Chu thich journal c?n |journal= ( tr? giup )

[Hesterman2013-5] Hesterman, Jennifer L (17 thang 4 n?m 2013). The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus: An Alliance of International Drug Cartels, Organized Crime, and Terror Groups . CRC Press. tr. 218. ISBN 978-1-4665-5761-1 .

[6] Russolillo, Steven; Jeong, Eun-Young (16 thang 7 n?m 2018). “Cryptocurrency Exchanges Are Getting Hacked Because It's Easy” . The Wall Street Journal (b?ng ti?ng Anh). ISSN 0099-9660 . L?u tr? b?n g?c ngay 11 thang 9 n?m 2018 . Truy c?p ngay 11 thang 9 n?m 2018 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]