Katherine Johnson

Katherine Johnson
Katherine Johnson
	Johnson n?m 1983
Sinh	Creola Katherine Coleman ; 26 thang 8, 1918 ; White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia , Hoa K?
M?t	24 thang 2, 2020 (101 tu?i) ; Newport News, Virginia , Hoa K?
Qu?c t?ch	M?
H?c v?	đ?i h?c bang Tay Virginia ; B.S. (summa cum laude), 1937 ; Toan h?c va ti?ng Phap ;
Ngh? nghi?p	Nha toan h?c , nha v?t ly
Nha tuy?n d?ng	NACA , NASA 1953?1988
N?i ti?ng vi	Tinh toan qu? đ?o cho nhi?u ch??ng trinh bay co ng??i lai c?a NASA
Ph?i ng?u	James Goble ; (c??i 1939⁠–⁠1956) ; Jim Johnson ; (c??i 1959⁠–⁠2019) ;
Con cai	3

Katherine Johnson (nh? danh Coleman ; 26 thang 8 n?m 1918 ? 24 thang 2 n?m 2020), con đ??c bi?t đ?n la Katherine Goble , la m?t nha toan h?c ng??i M? v?i cac k?t qu? tinh toan trong c? h?c qu? đ?o khi ba đang la nhan vien c?a NASA đa co tinh quy?t đ?nh đ?n s? thanh cong c?a chuy?n bay đ?u tien co ng??i lai vao khong gian c?ng nh? cac l?n ti?p theo c?a Hoa K?. ^[2] Trong su?t s? nghi?p 35 n?m ? NASA va tr??c đo ? ?y ban t? v?n qu?c gia v? hang khong , ba co đ??c s? tai tinh khi tinh toan cac phep tinh ph?c t?p b?ng tay va giup tien phong trong vi?c s? d?ng may tinh đ? th?c hi?n cac phep tinh. C? quan khong gian coi "ba co vai tro l?ch s? nh? la m?t trong nh?ng ph? n? M? g?c Phi đ?u tien tr? thanh nha khoa h?c NASA". ^[3]

Cong vi?c c?a Johnson bao g?m tinh cac qu? đ?o, kho?ng chu k? phong (launch window) va qu? đ?o tr? l?i kh?n c?p c?a cac chuy?n bay trong Ch??ng trinh Sao Th?y , bao g?m trong cac l?n bay c?a Alan Shepard , ng??i M? đ?u tien vao khong gian, va John Glenn , ng??i M? đ?u tien bay tren qu? đ?o, va cac qu? đ?o đi?u khi?n cho module M?t Tr?ng va module ch? huy trong ch??ng trinh Apollo trong cac chuy?n bay đ?n M?t Tr?ng . ^[2]^[4]^[5] Cac tinh toan c?a ba c?ng la nh?ng đong gop quan tr?ng cho ch??ng trinh tau con thoi , ^[2] va ba tham gia vao m?t k? ho?ch đ?a ng??i len Sao H?a .

N?m 2015, t?ng th?ng Barack Obama trao cho Johnson Huan ch??ng T? do T?ng th?ng . ^[6] N?m 2019, Johnson đ??c trao Huy ch??ng Vang c?a Qu?c h?i M? (Congressional Gold Medal). ^[7] Di?n vien Taraji P. Henson đong vai ba la nhan v?t chinh trong b? phim n?m 2016 Hidden Figures (Nh?ng con ng??i th?m l?ng).

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

^ Shetterly, Margot Lee (ngay 24 thang 2 n?m 2020). “Katherine Johnson Biography” . NASA . B?n g?c (html) l?u tr? ngay 24 thang 2 n?m 2020 . Truy c?p ngay 24 thang 2 n?m 2020 . When asked to name her greatest contribution to space exploration, Katherine Johnson talks about the calculations that helped synch Project Apollo’s Lunar Lander with the moon-orbiting Command and Service Module.
^ ^a ^b ^c Smith, Yvette (ngay 24 thang 11 n?m 2015). “Katherine Johnson: The Girl Who Loved to Count” . NASA . Truy c?p ngay 12 thang 2 n?m 2016 . Her calculations proved as critical to the success of the Apollo Moon landing program and the start of the Space Shuttle program, as they did to those first steps on the country's journey into space.
^ “Hidden Figures To Modern Figures: Students See SLS Rocket at Michoud” . NASA. ngay 24 thang 11 n?m 2016. B?n g?c l?u tr? ngay 28 thang 3 n?m 2017 . Truy c?p ngay 28 thang 7 n?m 2019 .
^ “Katherine G. Johnson Biography” . Biography.com. ngay 10 thang 10 n?m 2016 . Truy c?p ngay 15 thang 1 n?m 2017 .
^ Shetterly, Margot Lee (ngay 1 thang 12 n?m 2016). “Katherine Johnson Biography” . NASA . NASA . Truy c?p ngay 2 thang 3 n?m 2017 . As a part of the preflight checklist, Glenn asked engineers to 'get the girl'?Katherine Johnson?to run the same numbers through the same equations that had been programmed into the computer, but by hand, on her desktop mechanical calculating machine.... When asked to name her greatest contribution to space exploration, Katherine Johnson talks about the calculations that helped synch Project Apollo's Lunar Lander with the moon-orbiting Command and Service Module.
^ Gutman, David (ngay 16 thang 11 n?m 2015). “WV native, NASA mathematician to receive Presidential Medal of Freedom” . WV Gazette Mail: Charleston Gazette-Mail . Truy c?p ngay 12 thang 2 n?m 2016 .
^ “H.R.1396 - Hidden Figures Congressional Gold Medal Act” . Congress.gov . Truy c?p ngay 9 thang 11 n?m 2019 .

đ?c them [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Beverly Golemba, Human Computers: The Women in Aeronautical Research L?u tr? 2017-01-29 t?i Wayback Machine , unpublished manuscript 1994, NASA Langley Archives.
Zierdt-Warshaw, Linda; Winkler, Alan; Bernstein, Leonard (2000). American Women in Technology: an encyclopedia . Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1576070727 . OCLC 48139041 .
Wini Warren, Black Women Scientists in the United States , Indiana University Press, 2000, pp. 140?147. ISBN 9780253336033 .
Brigham Narins, Notable Scientists: From 1900 to the Present , Gale Group, 2001, ISBN 9780787617547 .

Lien k?t ngoai [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Katherine G. Johnson Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
Introduction by Dr. Ellen Stofan, "The Untold History of Women in Science and Technology" , White House.gov
“Katherine Johnson” . NASA . B?n g?c l?u tr? ngay 3 thang 5 n?m 2016 . Truy c?p ngay 2 thang 8 n?m 2015 .
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS): Johnson, K. G.

[NASAbio-Shetterly_educ-1] Shetterly, Margot Lee (ngay 24 thang 2 n?m 2020). “Katherine Johnson Biography” . NASA . B?n g?c (html) l?u tr? ngay 24 thang 2 n?m 2020 . Truy c?p ngay 24 thang 2 n?m 2020 . When asked to name her greatest contribution to space exploration, Katherine Johnson talks about the calculations that helped synch Project Apollo’s Lunar Lander with the moon-orbiting Command and Service Module.

[Smith-2] Smith, Yvette (ngay 24 thang 11 n?m 2015). “Katherine Johnson: The Girl Who Loved to Count” . NASA . Truy c?p ngay 12 thang 2 n?m 2016 . Her calculations proved as critical to the success of the Apollo Moon landing program and the start of the Space Shuttle program, as they did to those first steps on the country's journey into space.

[3] “Hidden Figures To Modern Figures: Students See SLS Rocket at Michoud” . NASA. ngay 24 thang 11 n?m 2016. B?n g?c l?u tr? ngay 28 thang 3 n?m 2017 . Truy c?p ngay 28 thang 7 n?m 2019 .

[biography.com-4] “Katherine G. Johnson Biography” . Biography.com. ngay 10 thang 10 n?m 2016 . Truy c?p ngay 15 thang 1 n?m 2017 .

[NASAbio-Shetterly-5] Shetterly, Margot Lee (ngay 1 thang 12 n?m 2016). “Katherine Johnson Biography” . NASA . NASA . Truy c?p ngay 2 thang 3 n?m 2017 . As a part of the preflight checklist, Glenn asked engineers to 'get the girl'?Katherine Johnson?to run the same numbers through the same equations that had been programmed into the computer, but by hand, on her desktop mechanical calculating machine.... When asked to name her greatest contribution to space exploration, Katherine Johnson talks about the calculations that helped synch Project Apollo's Lunar Lander with the moon-orbiting Command and Service Module.

[WVGazetteMail-6] Gutman, David (ngay 16 thang 11 n?m 2015). “WV native, NASA mathematician to receive Presidential Medal of Freedom” . WV Gazette Mail: Charleston Gazette-Mail . Truy c?p ngay 12 thang 2 n?m 2016 .

[congress-7] “H.R.1396 - Hidden Figures Congressional Gold Medal Act” . Congress.gov . Truy c?p ngay 9 thang 11 n?m 2019 .

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