Guglielm Tell

Guglielm Tell ^[1] ( ti?ng đ?c : Wilhelm Tell , phat am ti?ng đ?c: [?v?lh?lm ?t?l] ^ⓘ; ti?ng Phap : Guillaume Tell ; ti?ng Y : Guglielmo Tell ; ti?ng Anh : William Tell ) la m?t nhan v?t anh hung dan gian c?a Thu? S? . Theo truy?n thuy?t, Tell la m?t tay cung th? thi?n x? lao luy?n, v?i chi?c n? th??ng g?p tren tay, ma ong đa s? d?ng đ? am sat Albrecht Gessler , m?t qu?n tr??ng tan b?o co t??c v? cong t??c d??i s? cai tr? c?a Nha Habsburg c?a Ao ? Altdorf , thu?c bang Uri . S? khieu chi?n va am sat b?o chua c?a Tell đa khich l? dan chung n?i d?y kh?i ngh?a va m?t hi?p ??c ch?ng l?i nh?ng k? th?ng tr? ngo?i xam v?i cac n??c lang gi?ng Schwyz va Unterwalden , đanh d?u s? thanh l?p C?u Lien bang Th?y S? .

L?y b?i c?nh vao đ?u th? k? 14 (theo truy?n th?ng đ??c đ?t vao n?m 1307, d??i th?i cai tr? c?a Albert c?a Habsburg ), nh?ng ghi chep đ?u tien v? huy?n tho?i nay co nien đ?i vao cu?i th? k? 15, khi C?u Lien bang Th?y S? đang gianh đ??c ?nh h??ng v? quan s? va chinh tr?. Tell la m?t nhan v?t trung tam trong ghi chep l?ch s? qu?c gia Th?y S? , cung v?i ng??i anh hung Arnold von Winkelried c?a tr?n Sempach (1386). Ong la m?t bi?u t??ng quan tr?ng trong giai đo?n hinh thanh c?a Th?y S? hi?n đ?i vao th? k? 19, đ??c g?i la th?i k? Khoi ph?c va Ph?c h?ng , c?ng nh? trong l?ch s? r?ng l?n h?n c?a Chau Au t? th? k? 18 đ?n th? k? 19 nh? m?t bi?u t??ng c?a cu?c khang chi?n ch?ng l?i s? th?ng tr? c?a quy t?c, đ?c bi?t la trong cac cu?c Cach m?ng n?m 1848 ch?ng l?i Nha Habsburg , gia t?c v?n con cai tr? Ao trong n?m tr?m n?m sau đo.

Truy?n thuy?t [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Tai li?u tham kh?o đ?u tien v? Tell, trong đo nhan v?t nay v?n ch?a co ten c? th?, xu?t hi?n trong t?p Sach Tr?ng c?a Sarnen (ti?ng đ?c: Weisses Buch von Sarnen ). T?p nay đ??c vi?t vao kho?ng 1474 b?i Hans Schriber, ngo?i tr??ng ( Landschreiber ) c?a bang Obwalden . No đ? c?p đ?n l?i th? Rutli (ti?ng đ?c: Rutlischwur ) va g?i ten Tell nh? m?t trong nh?ng ng??i theo phai Lien bang c?a Rutli, ng??i co hanh đ?ng am sat b?o chua mang tinh anh hung đa kh?i mao cho cu?c n?i d?y Burgenbruch . ^[2]

M?t tai li?u s?m khong kem v? Tell đ??c tim th?y trong Tellenlied , m?t bai hat đ??c sang tac vao th?p nien 1470, v?i b?n chep tay lau đ?i nh?t con t?n t?i co nien đ?i t? n?m 1501. Bai hat b?t đ?u v?i huy?n tho?i v? Tell, đ??c trinh bay nh? la ngu?n g?c c?a Lien bang, g?i Tell la " ng??i Lien bang đ?u tien". Cau chuy?n bao g?m phat b?n vao qu? tao c?a Tell, vi?c ong chu?n b? m?i ten th? hai đ? b?n Gessler, va cu?c ch?y tr?n c?a ong, nh?ng khong đ? c?p đ?n b?t k? v? am sat nao đ?i v?i Gessler. ^[3] Sau đo, v?n b?n li?t ke cac bang c?a Lien bang, va noi r?ng chung đa đ??c m? r?ng v?i "cac s? ki?n hi?n t?i" trong qua trinh di?n ra cac cu?c Chi?n tranh Burgundy , k?t thuc v?i cai ch?t c?a Charles Li?u l?nh vao n?m 1477. ^[3]

L?ch s? [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Theo truy?n thuy?t, Guglielm Tell la m?t đ?i thi?n x? quen phieu b?t nhan gian đ? c?u kh? pho nguy ^[4]^[5]. đ?u th? chinh c?a y la quan toan quy?n nha Habsburg Hermann Gessler . Nh?ng hanh vi tr??ng ngh?a c?a Tell ch? nh?m khu?y đ?ng dan Alps n?i d?y ph?n khang ach th?ng tr? ha kh?c c?a tri?u đ?i Ao va thanh l?p C?ng đ?ng Th?y S? th?ng nh?t ^[6].

Hinh t??ng Guglielm Tell đ??c coi la c?m h?ng quan tr?ng nh?t trong n?n đ?c l?p va s? hinh thanh ch? ngh?a dan t?c b?n s?c Th?y S? ^[3] The text then enumerates the cantons of the Confederacy, and says was expanded with "current events" during the course of the Burgundy Wars , ending with the death of Charles D?ng c?m in 1477. ^[2]^[3].

V?n hoa [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

N?m 1934, sau khi len n?m quy?n, trong giai đo?n ki?n t?o b?n s?c đ?c Qu?c Xa , Adolf Hitler đa quy?t đ?nh nh?p nhan v?t Guglielm Tell vao h? th?ng nhan v?t anh hung trung đ?i trong v?n h?c đ?c ^[7], coi la m?t hinh t??ng nghiem tuc ma gi?i quan nhan ph?i noi theo ^[8].

Hinh ?nh [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Tell's leap ( Tellensprung ) from the boat of his captors at the Axen cliffs; study by Ernst Stuckelberg (1879) for his fresco at the Tellskapelle .
A depiction of the apple-shot scene in Sebastian Munster's Cosmographia (1554 edition).
The Hohle Gasse between Immensee va Kussnacht , with a second Tellskapelle (built in 1638).
An allegorical Tell defeating the chimera of the French Revolution (1798).]]
Official seal of the Helvetic Republic .]]
Detail from the Statue of William Tell and his son in Altdorf ( Richard Kissling , 1895).
Guglielm Tell by Ferdinand Hodler (1897) ^[9].

Xem them [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

^ Ten theo ti?ng Romansh , m?t ngon ng? qu?c gia c?a Thu? S?.
^ ^a ^b Bergier, p 63.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rochus von Liliencron , Historische Volkslieder der Deutschen , vol. 2 (1866), no. 147, cited by Rochholz (1877), p. 187; c.f. Bergier, p. 70?71.
^ “William Tell: Fact Or Legend?” . tribunedigital-chicagotribune (b?ng ti?ng Anh) . Truy c?p ngay 6 thang 12 n?m 2017 .
^ Pattern Sheet 90 - Tell pattern Type I at i-p-c-s.org. Truy c?p 29 Nov 2019.
^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig und Wien, Fourth edition, 1885?1892, entry on " Tell , Wilhelm ," pp. 576?77 in volume 15. In German.
^ see e.g. Keightley, Thomas. Tales and Popular Fictions: Their Resemblance and Transmission from Country to Country . London: Whittaker, 1834, p. 293.
^ Zeeberg, Peter (2000). Saxos Danmarkshistorie . Denmark: Gads Forlag. tr. 909. ISBN 978-87-12-04745-2 .
^ Murley, John Albert; Sutton, Sean D. (2006). Perspectives on Politics in Shakespeare (b?ng ti?ng Anh). Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739116845 .

đ?c them [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Bergier, Jean-Francois. Wilhelm Tell: Realitat und Mythos . Munchen: Paul List Verlag, 1990.
B?n m?u:HLS
Everdell, William R. "William Tell: The Failure of Kings in Switzerland," in The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. ISBN 0-226-22482-1
Fiske, John. Myths and Myth-Makers: Old Tales and Superstitions Interpreted by Comparative Mythology , 1877. Ch. 1: ( On-line L?u tr? 2008-01-29 t?i Wayback Machine ) Quotes Saxo Grammaticus , the ballad of William of Cloudeslee, and instances other independent occurrences.
Head, Randolph C. "William Tell and His Comrades: Association and Fraternity in the Propaganda of Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Switzerland." in The Journal of Modern History 67.3 (1995): 527?557.
Rochholz, Ernst Ludwig, Tell und Gessler in Sage und Geschichte. Nach urkundlichen Quellen , Heilbronn, 1877 ( online copy ).
Salis, J.-R. v. : Ursprung, Gestalt, und Wirkung des schweizerischen Mythos von Tell , Bern, 1973.

Lien k?t ngoai [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

The Legend of William Tell by Markus Jud.
The birth of the Swiss Confederation .
Translation of Grimm's Saga No. 298 "The Three Tells"
Tell City, Indiana L?u tr? 2017-11-14 t?i Wayback Machine
Translation of Grimm's Saga No. 517 "Wilhelm Tell"
"The Contradiction"
Wilhelm Tell Festival, New Glarus
William Tell is a lie ; Coopzeitung 28/2004, interview with historian Roger Sablonier , Zurich, translated
William Tell, Swissinfo special

[1] Ten theo ti?ng Romansh , m?t ngon ng? qu?c gia c?a Thu? S?.

[bergier_632-2] Bergier, p 63.

[autogenerated22-3] Rochus von Liliencron , Historische Volkslieder der Deutschen , vol. 2 (1866), no. 147, cited by Rochholz (1877), p. 187; c.f. Bergier, p. 70?71.

[4] “William Tell: Fact Or Legend?” . tribunedigital-chicagotribune (b?ng ti?ng Anh) . Truy c?p ngay 6 thang 12 n?m 2017 .

[5] Pattern Sheet 90 - Tell pattern Type I at i-p-c-s.org. Truy c?p 29 Nov 2019.

[meyers-6] Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig und Wien, Fourth edition, 1885?1892, entry on " Tell , Wilhelm ," pp. 576?77 in volume 15. In German.

[keightley_293-7] see e.g. Keightley, Thomas. Tales and Popular Fictions: Their Resemblance and Transmission from Country to Country . London: Whittaker, 1834, p. 293.

[8] Zeeberg, Peter (2000). Saxos Danmarkshistorie . Denmark: Gads Forlag. tr. 909. ISBN 978-87-12-04745-2 .

[9] Murley, John Albert; Sutton, Sean D. (2006). Perspectives on Politics in Shakespeare (b?ng ti?ng Anh). Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739116845 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]