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Exon ? Wikipedia ti?ng Vi?t B??c t?i n?i dung

Exon

Bach khoa toan th? m? Wikipedia
S? đ? minh ho? exon trong ti?n RNA thong tin . đo la cac đo?n ma hoa amino acid (mau đ?), con cac intron (mau xanh) s? b? lo?i b?, t? đo cac exon n?i v?i nhau t?o thanh mRNA co ch?c n?ng. đ?u 5 ′ va 3 c?a mRNA đ??c đanh d?u va co hai vung ? ngay hai đ?u la cac đo?n khong đ??c d?ch ma (ki hi?u UTR - mau xam).

Exon la đo?n RNA co mang thong tin ma hoa amino acid c?a gen c?u truc . [1] [2] [3] đo?n con l?i c?a gen nay khong mang thong tin ma hoa amino acid g?i la intron . đay la thu?t ng? trong sinh h?c phan t? va sinh hoa h?c , ngu?n g?c t? ti?ng Anh la exon ( IPA : /??k?s?n/) đa đ??c d?ch ra ti?ng Vi?t theo ki?u phien am la "exon". [4] [5] Cac exon s? đ??c bi?u hi?n, con cac intron khong co bi?u hi?n gen .

T? nguyen va n?i ham [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

  • Thu?t ng? "exon" xu?t hi?n vao n?m 1978, theo đ? xu?t c?a Walter Gilbert : "Khai ni?m v? cistron c?n đ??c thay b?ng m?t đ?n v? phien ma khac co ch?a cac vung s? b? m?t t? d?ng ti?n tr??ng thanh - ma toi đ? ngh? chung ta g?i la intron (vung intragenic) - xen k? v?i cac vung s? đ??c bi?u th? g?i la exon". [6]
  • N?i dung tren ban đ?u dung đ? ch? nh?ng vung s? đ??c lam khuon cho d?ch ma , ngh?a la ch? co ? gen va mRNA ; nh?ng sau đo c?ng dung đ? ch? cac chu?i con l?i sau qua trinh ch? bi?n RNA c?a c? rRNA va tRNA . [7] [8] [9]

Thanh ph?n ? b? gen [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

S? g? b? cac intron , ch? gi? l?i cac exon lam cho gen ban đ?u ng?n h?n l?i, thu?n l?i cho d?ch ma.
  • M?c du exon r?t quan tr?ng vi mang cac thong tin ma hoa protein, nh?ng chung l?i ch? chi?m t? l? nh? trong b? gen c?a m?i c? th?. [10] Ch?ng h?n nh? ? ng??i, t?ng s? cac exon ch? chi?m kho?ng 1,5% con 24% la cac intron va ngot 75% la vung lien quan (intergenic region) tren DNA. Vi th? đa co tac gi? cho bi?t b? gen ng??i co s? l??ng g?p g?n 10 l?n b? gen vi khu?n, nh?ng s? gen ma hoa ch? h?n vai ba l?n, ngh?a la ph?n DNA nhi?u h?n ch? y?u la đi?u hoa. [2]
  • Theo m?t th?ng ke, trong m?i b? gen c?a sinh v?t nhan th?c , thi trung binh ch? co 5,48 exon tren m?i gen. [11] [12] [13]

Xem them [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Ngu?n trich d?n [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

  1. ^ “Exon” .
  2. ^ a b Ph?m Thanh H?: "Di truy?n h?c" - Nha xu?t b?n Giao d?c , 1998.
  3. ^ đ? Le Th?ng: "Di truy?n h?c" - Nha xu?t b?n Giao d?c , 2005.
  4. ^ Campbell va c?ng s?: "Sinh h?c" - Nha xu?t b?n Giao d?c , 2010.
  5. ^ "Sinh h?c 12" - Nha xu?t b?n Giao d?c , 2019.
  6. ^ Gilbert W (thang 2 n?m 1978). “Why genes in pieces?”. Nature . 271 (5645): 501. doi : 10.1038/271501a0 . PMID   622185 .
  7. ^ Kister KP, Eckert WA (thang 3 n?m 1987). “Characterization of an authentic intermediate in the self-splicing process of ribosomal precursor RNA in macronuclei of Tetrahymena thermophila” . Nucleic Acids Research . 15 (5): 1905?20. doi : 10.1093/nar/15.5.1905 . PMC   340607 . PMID   3645543 .
  8. ^ Valenzuela P, Venegas A, Weinberg F, Bishop R, Rutter WJ (thang 1 n?m 1978). “Structure of yeast phenylalanine-tRNA genes: an intervening DNA segment within the region coding for the tRNA” . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 75 (1): 190?4. doi : 10.1073/pnas.75.1.190 . PMC   411211 . PMID   343104 .
  9. ^ Liu AY, Van der Ploeg LH, Rijsewijk FA, Borst P (thang 6 n?m 1983). “The transposition unit of variant surface glycoprotein gene 118 of Trypanosoma brucei. Presence of repeated elements at its border and absence of promoter-associated sequences”. Journal of Molecular Biology . 167 (1): 57?75. doi : 10.1016/S0022-2836(83)80034-5 . PMID   6306255 .
  10. ^ Venter J.C.; va đ?ng nghi?p (2000). “The Sequence of the Human Genome” . Science . 291 (5507): 1304?51. doi : 10.1126/science.1058040 . PMID   11181995 .
  11. ^ Sakharkar M, Passetti F, de Souza JE, Long M, de Souza SJ (2002). “ExInt: an Exon Intron Database” . Nucleic Acids Res . 30 (1): 191?4. doi : 10.1093/nar/30.1.191 . PMC   99089 . PMID   11752290 .
  12. ^ Sakharkar M.K.; Chow VT; Kangueane P. (2004). “Distributions of exons and introns in the human genome”. In Silico Biol . 4 (4): 387?93. PMID   15217358 .
  13. ^ Guo Lei, Liu Chun-Ming (2015). “ A single-nucleotide exon found in Arabidopsis” . Scientific Reports . 5 : 18087. doi : 10.1038/srep18087 . PMC   4674806 . PMID   26657562 .

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