Ella Fitzgerald
Fitzgerald vao thang 11 n?m 1946
Sinh	Ella Jane Fitzgerald ( 1917-04-25 ) 25 thang 4, 1917 Newport News, Virginia , Hoa K?
M?t	15 thang 6, 1996 (1996-06-15) (79 tu?i) Beverly Hills, California , Hoa K?
Nguyen nhan m?t	Ti?u đ??ng
Ph?i ng?u	Benny Kornegay (1941?1943) Ray Brown (1947?1953)
Con cai	Ray Brown, Jr.
S? nghi?p am nh?c
Th? lo?i	Swing , bebop , traditional pop , vocal jazz , blues
Ngh? nghi?p	Ca s?, di?n vien
Nh?c c?	Hat
N?m ho?t đ?ng	1934?1994
Hang đ?a	Capitol , Decca , Pablo , Reprise , Verve , Brunswick , HMV , Universal
Website	ellafitzgerald .com

Ella Jane Fitzgerald (sinh ngay 25 thang 4 n?m 1917 ? m?t ngay 15 thang 6 n?m 1996) la n? ca s? nh?c Jazz ng??i M?. Trong s? nghi?p ca hat keo dai 59 n?m, ba đa gianh 14 gi?i Grammy , đ??c t?ng th?ng Ronald Reagan trao t?ng Huan ch??ng Ngh? thu?t Qu?c gia va t?ng th?ng George H. W. Bush trao t?ng Huan ch??ng T? do c?a T?ng th?ng .

Ba th??ng đ??c g?i b?ng danh hi?u đ? nh?t phu nhan c?a Ca khuc ( First Lady of Song ), N? hoang Jazz va Lady Ella . Ba đa đ??c ghi nh?n cho s? trong tr?o c?a giai đi?u, ngon t? hoan h?o, phan nh?p va ng? đi?u, va kh? n?ng ?ng tac.

Th?i tr? [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Ella Fitzgerald sinh ra t?i Newport News, Virginia . Ba la k?t qu? c?a cu?c hon nhan khong hon thu gi?a William va Temperance "Tempie" Fitzgerald. ^[1] Cha m? ba chia tay ngay sau khi ba ra đ?i va m? ba chuy?n t?i Yonkers, New York s?ng v?i b?n trai la Joseph Da Silva. Em gai cung m? khac cha c?a ba, Frances Da Silva, sinh n?m 1923.

N?m 1932, m? ba ch?t vi m?t c?n đau tim. Vi cu s?c nay, ba h?c hanh sut h?n va th??ng xuyen b? h?c. Ba b? cha d??ng l?m d?ng va đ??c m?t ng??i di nh?n nuoi. ^[2] Ba t?ng gi? chan c?nh gi?i cho m?t nha ch?a va ch?y vi?c v?t cho nh?ng trum s? đ? co lien quan đ?n mafia . ^[3] Khi nha ch?c trach b?t đ??c ba, đ?u tien h? g?i ba t?i tr?i tr? m? coi ? Riverdale, Bronx . Sau đo, vi tr?i tr? m? coi qua t?i, ba đa đ??c chuy?n đ?n tr??ng giao d??ng danh cho n? ? Hudson, New York. Cu?i cung, ba b? tr?n va s?ng lang thang m?t th?i gian.

S? nghi?p [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Ngay 21 thang 11 n?m 1934, ba b?t đ?u b??c vao nghi?p ca hat ? nha hat Apollo ? Harlem , New York. Sau đo, ba gianh c? h?i th? s?c trong cu?c thi "Amateur Nights" ma nha hat nay t? ch?c. Ba đ?nh d? thi b?ng m?t ti?t m?c khieu v? nh?ng b? ch? em Edwards, m?t đoi v? cong đ?a ph??ng, đe do? nen đa chuy?n sang hat. Ba đa đo?t gi?i nh?t v?i ph?n th??ng 25 đo-la. ^[4]

Thang 1 n?m 1935, Ella Fitzgerald co c? may bi?u di?n m?t tu?n v?i ban nh?c Tiny Bradshaw ? nha hat Opera Harlem. T?i đay, ba g?p tay tr?ng th? l?nh ban nh?c Chick Webb . Webb đa thue Charlie Linton lam ca s? trong ban va khong mu?n nh?n Ella vi ba "ch?m ch?p va loi thoi, m?t vien kim c??ng tho". ^[5] Webb cho ba m?t c? h?i đ? th? nghi?m v?i ban nh?c c?a ong khi h? ch?i cho m?t bu?i khieu v? ? đ?i h?c Yale .

đ?n n?m 1935, ba b?t đ?u hat th??ng xuyen cung ban nh?c c?a Webb ? Harlem's Savoy Ballroom. Cung v?i h?, ba đa thu am nhi?u bai hat đ??c yeu thich nh? "Love and Kisses" and "(If You Can't Sing It) You'll Have to Swing It (Mr. Paganini)". Nh?ng ph?i đ?n n?m 1938, nh? m?t bai hat tr? trung ten la "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" do ba đ?ng sang tac, ba m?i đ??c đong đ?o cong chung bi?t t?i. Chick Webb qua đ?i ngay 16 thang 6 n?m 1939, va ban nh?c c?a ong đ?i ten thanh "Ella Fitzgerald and her Famous Orchestra" do Ella lam th? l?nh. N?m 1942, ba tach kh?i ban nh?c đ? b?t đ?u s? nghi?p bi?u di?n đ?c l?p. Ky h?p đ?ng v?i hang Decca, ba đa co r?t nhi?u bai đ??c yeu thich r?ng rai khi thu am chung v?i nh?ng ngh? s? ti?ng t?m nh? the Ink Spots , Louis Jordan , the Delta Rhythm Boys .

Nh? co ng??i qu?n ly la Milt Gabler c?a Decca, Ella b?t đ?u c?ng tac v?i ong b?u nh?c Jazz Norman Granzas, th??ng xuyen xu?t hi?n trong nh?ng bu?i hoa nh?c mang ten Jazz at the Philharmonic (JATP) c?a ong. Quan h? c?a ba v?i Granz con đ??c c?ng c? h?n n?a khi ong tr? thanh ng??i qu?n ly c?a ba. B?n ghi am n?m 1945 mang ten "Flying Home" sau nay đ??c bao New York Times mieu t? nh? "m?t trong nh?ng b?n ghi am jazz-thanh nh?c co ?nh h??ng nh?t c?a th?p k?". Bai bebop "Oh, Lady be Good!" (1947) c?ng n?i ti?ng t??ng t? va nang ba len v? tri nh?ng ca s? jazz hang đ?u.

Ella ti?p t?c bi?u di?n trong nh?ng bu?i hoa nh?c JATP c?a Granz cho đ?n n?m 1955. Ba r?i b? Granz va hang Decca, thanh l?p hang thu am Verve Records. Sau nay, ba noi v? th?i k? nay nh? m?t b??c ngo?t mang tinh chi?n l??c. Album "Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Songbook", phat hanh n?m 1956, la album đ?u tien trong s? 8 album thu?c lo?t Songbook ma Ella s? thu am cho Verve t? n?m 1956 đ?n 1964. Lo?t album Songbook nay đ??c cac nha phe binh đanh gia cao va r?t thanh cong v? m?t th??ng m?i. đay c?ng chinh la đong gop n?i b?t nh?t c?a ba cho v?n hoa M?.

Verve Records đa đ??c ban cho hang MGM vao n?m 1963 v?i gia 3 tri?u USD. N?m 1967, MGM th?t b?i trong vi?c gia h?n h?p đ?ng v?i Ella. Trong 5 n?m ti?p theo, ba chuy?n qua chuy?n l?i trong ph?m vi 3 hang thu am la Atlantic, Capitol va Reprise. V?i Capitol, ba ghi am album thanh ca "Brighten the Corner", "Ella Fitzgerald's Christmas"- album g?m nh?ng bai hat m?ng Giang sinh truy?n th?ng, "Misty Blue"- album nh?c đ?ng que mang am h??ng mi?n Tay, va "30 by Ella".

N?m 1972, thanh cong b?t ng? c?a album "Jazz at Santa Monica Civic '72" giup Granz thanh l?p hang thu am Pablo Records, hang thu am rieng đ?u tien c?a ong k? t? khi ban Verve. Ella th?c hi?n kho?ng 20 album cho hang nay. Album thu am tr?c ti?p "Ella in London" n?m 1974 v?i Tommy Flanagan (piano), Joe Pass (guitar), Keter Betts (bass) va Bobby Durham (tr?ng) la m?t trong nh?ng album hay nh?t c?a ba. G?p nhi?u v?n đ? v? s?c kho?, Ella Fitzgerald th?c hi?n nh?ng b?n thu cu?i cung vao n?m 1991. đ?n n?m 1993, ba bi?u di?n tr??c cong chung l?n cu?i. Cung n?m đo, ba thanh l?p qu? t? thi?n mang ten minh đ? quyen gop sach giup đ? nh?ng tr? em co nguy c? cao va h? tr? nh?ng ng??i g?p hoan c?nh kho kh?n.

Danh sach phim va truy?n hinh [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

đ?i s?ng rieng t? [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Ella Fitzgerald k?t hon it nh?t 2 l?n va co b?ng ch?ng cho th?y ba co th? đa k?t hon l?n th? ba.

N?m 1941, ba k?t hon v?i Benny Kornegay, m?t cong nhan b?c x?p va la tay buon ma tuy đa co ti?n an. Cu?c hon nhan ch?m d?t sau 2 n?m.

Ba k?t hon l?n th? hai thang 12 n?m 1947, v?i tay ch?i bass n?i ti?ng Ray Brown, ng??i ma m?t n?m tr??c ba đa g?p khi đi l?u di?n v?i ban nh?c Dizzy Gillespie. H? cung nhau nh?n nuoi con c?a Frances, ng??i em gai cung cha khac m? c?a Ella. đ?a tr? đ??c đ?t ten la Ray Brown Jr. Hai ng??i ly hon n?m 1953, vi ly do ap l?c cong vi?c. Du v?y, h? v?n ti?p t?c bi?u di?n cung nhau.

Thang 7 n?m 1957, Reuters đ?a tin Ella Fitzgerald đa bi m?t k?t hon v?i m?t ng??i Na Uy tr? tu?i ten la Thor Einar Larsen ? Oslo . Ba th?m chi đa tinh chuy?n t??ng lai khi s?m s?a n?i th?t cho m?t c?n h? ? Oslo. Nh?ng m?i quan h? nay nhanh chong b? quen lang khi Larsen b? tuyen ph?t 5 thang lao đ?ng kh? sai ? Th?y đi?n vi tr?m ti?n c?a m?t ph? n? tr?, ng??i ma anh ta đa đinh hon.

Nh?ng thanh t?u va giai đo?n cu?i đ?i [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Ella Fitzgerald đa đo?t 14 gi?i Grammy, bao g?m gi?i cho gi?ng ca Jazz hay nh?t, gi?ng ca Pop hay nh?t, trinh di?n xu?t s?c nh?t, album xu?t s?c nh?t va gi?i thanh t?u tr?n đ?i . Ba con đ??c trao t?ng nhi?u danh hi?u va gi?i th??ng cao quy khac nh?:

• Ch? t?ch danh d? c?a Martin Luther King Foundation (1967)
• Gi?i th??ng Thanh t?u tr?n đ?i Bing Crosby (1967)
• Huy ch??ng danh d? c?a Trung tam Kennedy (1979)
• Gi?i th??ng Lord & Taylor Rose vi nh?ng đong gop xu?t s?c cho am nh?c (1980)
• Huan ch??ng Ngh? thu?t Qu?c gia (1987)
• Huan ch??ng V?n h?c Ngh? thu?t Phap (1990)
• Huan ch??ng T? do c?a T?ng th?ng
• Ti?n s? danh d? c?a cac tr??ng đ?i h?c Harvard , Yale , Dartmouth , Maryland Eastern Shore , Howard va Princeton

Nh?ng n?m cu?i đ?i, Ella b? mu do h?u qu? c?a b?nh ti?u đ??ng . N?m 1993, ba ph?i c?t c?t c? hai chan. N?m 1996, ba m?t vi b?nh t?i Beverly Hills, California, h??ng th? 79 tu?i. Ba đ??c an tang t?i ngh?a trang Inglewood Park ? Inglewood, California. T? li?u v? s? nghi?p c?ng thanh t?u c?a ba đ??c c?t gi? t?i Trung tam L?u tr? c?a B?o tang L?ch s? Qu?c gia Hoa K? thu?c Vi?n Smithsonian . M?t s? t? li?u ca nhan khac đ??c l?u tr? t?i cac th? vi?n l?n nh? Th? vi?n Qu?c h?i , Th? vi?n Schlesinger c?a đ?i h?c Harvard , Th? vi?n Schoenberg c?a đ?i h?c California .

Cac gi?i th??ng Ella Fitzgerald đa nh?n [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

• Honorary membership of Alpha Kappa Alpha (1960)
• American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers highest honor (1965)
• Bing Crosby Lifetime Achievement Award (1967)
• Honorary chairmanship of the Martin Luther King Foundation (1967)
• Award of Distinction from the National Association of Sickle cell Diseases (1976)
• Women at Work organization's Bicentennial Woman (1976)

• Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts Medal of Honor Award (1979)
• Inductee into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame (1979)
• Inductee into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame (1979)
• Will Rogers award from the Beverly Hills Chamber of Commerce and Civic Association (1980)
• Lord & Taylor Rose award for outstanding contribution to music (1980)
• Doctor of Human Letters from Talladega College of Alabama (1980)
• Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year from Harvard (1982)
• George Peabody Medal for Outstanding Contributions to Music in America (1983)
• National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters award (1985)
• National Medal of Art awarded by President Ronald Reagan (1987)
• UCLA Medal for Musical Achievements (1987)
• NAACP Image Award (1988)
• The first Society of Singers Lifetime Achievement Award , named "Ella" in her honor (1989)
• Order of Arts and Letters , France (1990)
• Huan ch??ng T? do T?ng th?ng do George H. W. Bush trao
• National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences ' Lifetime Achievement Award
• Pied Piper Award
• George and Ira Gershwin Award for Outstanding Achievement
• Honorary doctorates from Harvard University , Yale University , Dartmouth , University of Maryland Eastern Shore , Howard University va Princeton
• VH1 's 100 Greatest Women in Rock & Roll rank #13 (1999 ? posthumous)

Gi?i Grammy [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Ella Fitzgerald đa đo?t 14 gi?i Grammy, bao g?m gi?i cho gi?ng ca Jazz hay nh?t, gi?ng ca Pop hay nh?t, trinh di?n xu?t s?c nh?t, album xu?t s?c nh?t va gi?i thanh t?u tr?n đ?i n?m 1967.

Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance, Soloist :

• Ella Fitzgerald for Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Ellington Songbook ( 1958 )

Gi?i Grammy cho Trinh di?n gi?ng pop n? xu?t s?c nh?t :

• Ella Fitzgerald for Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Irving Berlin Songbook ( 1958 )

Gi?i Grammy cho Trinh di?n gi?ng pop n? xu?t s?c nh?t :

• Ella Fitzgerald for But Not for Me (from Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Songbook ( 1959 )

Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance, Soloist :

• Ella Fitzgerald for Ella Swings Lightly ( 1959 )

Gi?i Grammy cho Trinh di?n gi?ng pop n? xu?t s?c nh?t :

• Ella Fitzgerald for Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife ( 1960 )

Gi?i Grammy cho Trinh di?n gi?ng pop n? xu?t s?c nh?t :

• Ella Fitzgerald for Mack the Knife (from Ella in Berlin: Mack the Knife ) ( 1959 )

Gi?i Grammy cho Trinh di?n gi?ng pop n? xu?t s?c nh?t :

• Ella Fitzgerald for Ella Swings Brightly with Nelson ( 1962 )

Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal :

• Ella Fitzgerald for Fitzgerald and Pass... Again ( 1976 )

Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal :

• Ella Fitzgerald for Fine and Mellow ( 1979 )

Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Female :

• Ella Fitzgerald for A Perfect Match ( 1980 )

Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Female :

• Ella Fitzgerald for Digital III at Montreux ( 1981 )

Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Female :

• Ella Fitzgerald for The Best Is Yet to Come ( 1983 )

Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Female :

• Ella Fitzgerald for All That Jazz ( 1990 )

Grammy Award for Best Historical Album :

• Ella Fitzgerald for The Complete Ella Fitzgerald Songbooks ( 1995 )

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Chu thich

Th? m?c

Lien k?t ngoai [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Wikimedia Commons co them hinh ?nh va ph??ng ti?n truy?n t?i v? Ella Fitzgerald .

• Website chinh th?c
• Ella Fitzgerald tren IMDb
• Ella Fitzgerald t?i Internet Broadway Database
• Ella Fitzgerald t?i Find a Grave
• Ella Fitzgerald at the Library of Congress
• 'Remembering Ella' by Phillip D. Atteberry
• Listen to Big Band Serenade podcast, episode 6 L?u tr? 2011-07-27 t?i Wayback Machine Includes complete NBC remote broadcast of "Ella Fitzgerald & her Orchestra" from the Roseland Ballroom ( or download L?u tr? 2011-06-08 t?i Wayback Machine )