C?a hang bach hoa

C?a hang bach hoa la m?t c? s? ban l? cung c?p m?t lo?t cac m?t hang tieu dung đa ch?ng lo?i đ??c g?i la "cac gian hang". T?i cac thanh ph? l?n hi?n đ?i, c?a hang bach hoa đa xu?t hi?n ?n t??ng vao gi?a th? k? 19, va đ?nh hinh l?i v?nh vi?n cac thoi quen mua s?m, va đ?nh ngh?a v? d?ch v? va s? sang tr?ng. Nh?ng phat tri?n t??ng t? c?ng đang di?n ra ? London (v?i Whiteleys ), ? Paris ( Le Bon Marche ) va ? New York ( Stewart's ), ^[1]

Ngay nay, cac gian hang th??ng bao ham nh?ng th? nh? qu?n ao, n?i th?t, đ? gia d?ng, đ? ch?i, m? ph?m, đ? gia d?ng, lam v??n, đ? v? sinh ca nhan, đ? th? thao, đ? t? lam, s?n va v? khi. Ngoai ra con co cac dong s?n ph?m khac nh? th?c ph?m, sach, đ? trang s?c, đi?n t?, v?n phong ph?m, thi?t b? ch?p ?nh, s?n ph?m cho tr? em va v?t nuoi. Khach mua hang th??ng thanh toan g?n tr??c c?a hang m?c du m?t s? n?i co qu?y tinh ti?n cac trong m?i gian hang. M?t s? c?a hang n?m trong s? nhi?u chu?i ban l? c?p đ? l?n, trong khi s? khac la cac nha ban l? đ?c l?p. Trong th?p nien 70 , h? ch?u ap l?c m?nh t? cac ch? c?a hang gi?m gia va th?m chi l?n h?n t? h? th?ng c?a hang tr?c tuy?n nh? Amazon k? t? 2010. Cac c?a hang l?n ho?t đ?ng đ?c l?p, đ?i sieu th? co th? so sanh v?i cac c?a hang bach hoa mang tinh l?ch s?. Tr??c cac trung tam mua s?m, cac c?a hang bach hoa la mo hinh đ?c l?p.

K? t? nh?ng n?m 1980, h? đa ph?i ch?u ap l?c n?ng n? t? nh?ng ng??i gi?m gia va th?m chi con ch?u ap l?c n?ng n? h?n t? cac trang web th??ng m?i đi?n t? k? t? th?p nien 2000.

Phan lo?i [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

C?a hang bach hoa co th? đ??c phan lo?i theo nhi?u cach:

C?a hang bach hoa chinh hay đ?n gi?n la c?a hang bach hoa truy?n th?ng, cung c?p hang hoa t? trung c?p đ?n cao c?p, h?u h?t ho?c it nh?t m?t s? th?i đi?m v?i gia ban l? đ?y đ?. Vi d? nh? Macy's , Bloomingdale's , J.C. Penney , Sears va Belk . ^[2]
- C?a hang bach hoa non tr? , m?t thu?t ng? đ??c s? d?ng ch? y?u trong ph?n th? hai c?a th? k? 20 cho m?t phien b?n nh? h?n c?a c?a hang bach hoa chinh. đay th??ng la cac c?a hang đ?c l?p ho?c chu?i chuyen v? m? ph?m, qu?n ao va ph? ki?n, v?i m?t s? hang gia d?ng. ^[3]^[4] Ch?ng h?n nh? C?a hang Boston va Harris & Frank
C?a hang bach hoa gi?m gia , m?t c?a hang gi?m gia l?n ban qu?n ao va đ? đ?c trong nha v?i gia chi?t kh?u, ho?c ban hang t?n qua nhi?u t? cac c?a hang bach hoa chinh ho?c hang hoa đ??c s?n xu?t đ?c bi?t cho th? tr??ng c?a hang bach hoa gi?m gia. Vi d? la Nordstrom Rack , Saks Off 5th , Marshalls , Ross Dress for Less , va Kohl's . ^[5]

M?t s? ngu?n co th? đ? c?p đ?n cac lo?i c?a hang sau đay la c?a hang bach hoa, th?m chi chung th??ng khong đ??c coi la nh? v?y:

đ?i sieu th? (sieu c?a hang gi?m gia v?i đ?y đ? d?ch v? t?p hoa, ch?ng h?n nh? Target , Walmart va Carrefour ) ^[6]
C?a hang đa d?ng , con đ??c g?i ? Hoa K? la c?a hang n?m xu

Xem them [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Tham kh?o [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

^ Gunther Barth, "The Department Store," in City People: The Rise of Modern City Culture in Nineteenth-Century America. (Oxford University Press, 1980) pp 110?47,
^ “Off Price Is The New Black For Retailers” . Investor's Business Daily. 8 thang 9 n?m 2015.
^ McKeever, James Ross (1977). Shopping Center Development Handbook . University of Michigan. tr. 81. ISBN 9780874205763 . Truy c?p ngay 2 thang 7 n?m 2020 .
^ Moriarty, John Jr. (12 thang 7 n?m 1981). “Change in Philosophy, Direction Is Behind McCain's Move to Mall” . The Post-Crescent ( Appleton, Wisconsin ) . Truy c?p ngay 2 thang 7 n?m 2020 .
^ “Off Price Is The New Black For Retailers” . finance.yahoo.com (b?ng ti?ng Anh) . Truy c?p ngay 29 thang 8 n?m 2021 .
^ "Hypermarket", Investopedia

đ?c them [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

Abelson, Elaine S. When Ladies Go A-Thieving: Middle Class Shoplifters in the Victorian Department Store. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Adams, Samuel Hopkins (thang 1 n?m 1897). “The Department Store” . Scribner's Magazine . XXI (1): 4?28 . Truy c?p ngay 23 thang 8 n?m 2009 .
Barth, Gunther. "The Department Store," in City People: The Rise of Modern City Culture in Nineteenth-Century America. (Oxford University Press, 1980) pp 110?47, compares major countries in the 19th century.
Benson, Susan Porter. Counter Culture: Saleswomen, Managers and Customers in American Department Stores, 1890?1940. (University of Illinois Press, 1988) ISBN 0-252-06013-X .
Elias, Stephen N. Alexander T. Stewart: The Forgotten Merchant Prince (1992) online
Ershkowicz, Herbert. John Wanamaker, Philadelphia Merchant. New York: DaCapo Press, 1999.
Gibbons, Herbert Adams. John Wanamaker. New York: Harper & Row, 1926.
Hendrickson, Robert. The Grand Emporiums: The Illustrated History of America's Great Department Stores. (Stein and Day, 1979).
Leach, William. Land of Desire: Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American Culture. (Pantheon, 1993. ISBN 0-679-75411-3 ).
Parker, K. (2003). "Sign Consumption in the 19th-Century Department Store: An Examination of Visual Merchandising in the Grand Emporiums (1846?1900)." Journal of Sociology 39 (4): 353?371.
Parker, Traci. Department Stores and the Black Freedom Movement: Workers, Consumers, and Civil Rights from the 1930s to the 1980s. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019.
Schlereth, Thomas J. Victorian America: Transformations in Everyday Life, 1876?1915 . (HarperCollins, 1991).
Sobel, Robert . "John Wanamaker: The Triumph of Content Over Form," in The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition (Weybright & Talley, 1974. ISBN 0-679-40064-8 ).
Spang, Rebecca L. The Invention of the Restaurant: Paris and Modern Gastronomic Culture. (Harvard UP, 2000). 325 p.
Tiersten, Lisa. Marianne in the Market: Envisioning Consumer Society in Fin-de-Siecle France (2001) online
Whitaker, Jan Service and Style: How the American Department Store Fashioned the Middle Class. (St. Martin's Press, 2006. ISBN 0-312-32635-1 .)
Whitaker, Jan. The World of Department Stores (The Vedome Press, 2011).
Young, William H. "Department Store" in Encyclopedia of American Studies, ed. Simon J. Bronner (Johns Hopkins UP, 2015), online

Lien k?t ngoai [ s?a | s?a ma ngu?n ]

History of The Department Store L?u tr? 2009-10-15 t?i Wayback Machine
The rise of the department store in Britain L?u tr? 2011-10-05 t?i Wayback Machine
A.T. Stewart's L?u tr? 2008-02-22 t?i Wayback Machine
Tamilia, Robert D. (thang 5 n?m 2002). “The Wonderful World of the Department Store in Historical Perspective: A Comprehensive International Bibliography Partially Annotated” (PDF) . B?n g?c (PDF) l?u tr? ngay 29 thang 2 n?m 2012 . Truy c?p ngay 13 thang 9 n?m 2008 . Chu thich journal c?n |journal= ( tr? giup )
International Association of Department Stores
New York Journal. Under One Roof The death and life of the New York department store. by Adam Gopnik

[1] Gunther Barth, "The Department Store," in City People: The Rise of Modern City Culture in Nineteenth-Century America. (Oxford University Press, 1980) pp 110?47,

[2] “Off Price Is The New Black For Retailers” . Investor's Business Daily. 8 thang 9 n?m 2015.

[3] McKeever, James Ross (1977). Shopping Center Development Handbook . University of Michigan. tr. 81. ISBN 9780874205763 . Truy c?p ngay 2 thang 7 n?m 2020 .

[4] Moriarty, John Jr. (12 thang 7 n?m 1981). “Change in Philosophy, Direction Is Behind McCain's Move to Mall” . The Post-Crescent ( Appleton, Wisconsin ) . Truy c?p ngay 2 thang 7 n?m 2020 .

[mainline-5] “Off Price Is The New Black For Retailers” . finance.yahoo.com (b?ng ti?ng Anh) . Truy c?p ngay 29 thang 8 n?m 2021 .

[6] "Hypermarket", Investopedia

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