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M? Latinh ? Wikipedia ti?ng Vi?t
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M? Latinh

nhom cac qu?c gia va vung lanh th? ? Tay Ban c?u

M? Latinh ( ti?ng Tay Ban Nha : America Latina hay Latinoamerica ; ti?ng B? đao Nha : America Latina ; ti?ng Phap : Amerique latine ; ti?ng Anh : Latin America ) la m?t khu v?c c?a chau M? , n?i ma ng??i dan ch? y?u noi cac ngon ng? Roman (co ngu?n g?c t? ti?ng Latinh ) ? đ?c bi?t la ti?ng Tay Ban Nha va ti?ng B? đao Nha, va m?t m?c đ? nao đo la ti?ng Phap. [2] [3] M? Latinh la m?t khu v?c co di?n tich x?p x? 21.069.500?km² (7.880.000 sq mi), chi?m g?n 3,9% di?n tich b? m?t va 14,1% t?ng di?n tich đ?t li?n c?a Trai đ?t . Tinh đ?n n?m 2020, t?ng dan s? M? Latinh đ??c ??c tinh la tren 660 tri?u ng??i [4] va t?ng s?n ph?m n?i đ?a c?a khu v?c la 5,16 nghin t? đo la M? (6,27 nghin t? theo s?c mua t??ng đ??ng ). [5] D? ki?n t?c đ? t?ng tr??ng c?a M? Latinh đ?t kho?ng 5,7% vao n?m 2020 va 4% vao n?m 2021. [6]

M? Latinh
Di?n tich 21.069.501?km 2 (8.134.980?d?m?vuong?Anh)
Dan s? 670.489.015
M?t đ? dan s? 27/km 2 (70/sq?mi)
Qu?c gia 19
Ph? thu?c 1
Ngon ng? ti?ng Tay Ban Nha , ti?ng B? đao Nha , ti?ng Quechua , ti?ng Maya , ti?ng Guarani , ti?ng Phap , ti?ng Aymara , ti?ng Nahuatl , ti?ng Y va cac ngon ng? khac.
Mui gi? UTC-2 đ?n UTC-8
Thanh ph? l?n nh?t [1]
1. México Thanh ph? Mexico
2. Brasil Sao Paulo
3. Argentina Buenos Aires
4. Brasil Rio de Janeiro
5. Peru Lima
6. Colombia Bogota
7. Chile Santiago
8. Brasil Belo Horizonte
9. México Guadalajara
10. Venezuela Caracas

Xu?t hi?n s?a

Quan ni?m v? vi?c m?t ph?n c?a chau M? co m?t m?i quan h? v? ngon ng? v?i nh?ng n?n v?n hoa Roman co th? đ??c b?t ngu?n t? th?p nien 1830 trong cac v?n b?n c?a Michel Chevalier , ong đa m?c nhien cong nh?n b? ph?n nay c?a chau M? la n?i sinh s?ng c?a nh?ng ng??i thu?c " ch?ng Latinh ", va r?ng khu v?c nay co th? lien minh v?i " Au Latinh " trong m?t cu?c đ?u tranh v?i " Au German ", " M? ?ngle " va " Au Slav ". [7] Quan ni?m nay sau đo đ??c cac tri th?c va lanh t? chinh tr? M? Latinh đ? c?p đ?n vao gi?a va cu?i th? k? 19, h? khong con nhin nh?n Tay Ban Nha hay B? đao Nha la nh?ng hinh m?u v?n hoa, ma la Phap . [8] Thu?t ng? đ??c chinh tr? gia ng??i Chile Francisco Bilbao s? d?ng l?n đ?u tien t?i Paris trong m?t h?i ngh? n?m 1856 [9] va trong cung n?m b?i nha v?n ng??i Colombia Jose Maria Torres Caicedo trong bai th? "Hai chau M? c?a ong. [10] đ? qu?c Phap c?a Napoleon III trong cu?c xam l??c Mexico đa ?ng h? thu?t ng? M? Latinh, ly do la đ? Phap co th? đ?ng vao hang ng? cac qu?c gia co ?nh h??ng t?i chau M? va đ? lo?i tr? cac n??c noi ti?ng Anh , va gi? m?t vai tro trong chi?n d?ch c?a ong nh?m ng? y r?ng khu v?c co m?i quan h? v?n hoa v?i Phap, bi?n Phap tr? thanh lanh đ?o v? v?n hoa va chinh tr? c?a khu v?c, va l?p Maximiliano c?a Habsburg lam hoang đ? c?a đ? nh? đ? qu?c Mexico . [11] N?m 1861, cac h?c gi? ng??i Phap c?ng đa đ?t ra thu?t ng? nay trong La revue des races Latines, m?t t?p chi danh rieng cho phong trao lien Latinh. [12]

đ?nh ngh?a s?a

 
4 ti?u vung ph? bi?n c?a M? Latinh
 ? thu?c B?c M?
  Caribe
  Trung M?
  Nam M?

Theo cach s? d?ng đ??ng đ?i:

Phan vung s?a

M? Latinh co th? đ??c phan thanh m?t vai ti?u vung d?a tren cac y?u t? đ?a ly, chinh tr?, nhan kh?u va v?n hoa. N?u theo đ?nh ngh?a M? Latinh la toan b? cac khu v?c ? phia nam c?a Hoa K?, cac ti?u vung đ?a ly c? b?n la B?c M? , Trung M? , Caribe va Nam M? ; [20] Nam M? con đ??c phan chia ti?p d?a tren y?u t? đ?a-chinh tr?: Non ph??ng Nam va cac qu?c gia Andes . C?ng co th? phan chia M? Latinh thanh M? Tay Ban Nha va M? B? đao Nha.

Nhan kh?u s?a

L?ch s? dan s?
N?m S? dan ±%
1750 16.000.000 ?????
1800 24.000.000 +50.0%
1850 38.000.000 +58.3%
1900 74.000.000 +94.7%
1950 167.000.000 +125.7%
1999 511.000.000 +206.0%
Ngu?n: "UN report 2004 data" (PDF).

Dan t?c s?a

 
Che Guevara , m?t ng??i M? Latinh da tr?ng co ngu?n g?c Tay Ban Nha, Basque va Ireland.

C? dan M? Latinh co s? đa d?ng v? t? tien, s?c t?c va ch?ng t?c, va khi?n cho khu v?c la m?t trong nh?ng n?i đa d?ng ch?ng t?c nh?t th? gi?i. Thanh ph?n dan t?c co khac bi?t gi?a cac qu?c gia: ng??i lai Au-da đ? ( Mestizo ) chi?m ?u th? ? nhi?u n??c; ? m?t s? n??c thi ng??i da đ? chi?m đa s?; dan c? m?t s? qu?c gia l?i ch? y?u la ng??i g?c Au ; va t?i m?t s? n??c thi ng??i Mulatto chi?m ?u th?. Ngoai ra con co ng??i da đen , ng??i chau A , va ng??i lai da đen-da đ? (trong l?ch s? đoi khi đ??c g?i la Zambo ). Ng??i co ngu?n g?c chau Au la nhom đ?n l? l?n nh?t, va cung v?i nh?ng ng??i co m?t ph?n g?c Au, h? chi?m x?p x? 80% t?ng dan s?, [21] ho?c h?n. [22]

Ngon ng? s?a

 
B?n đ? ngon ng? M? Latinh. Ti?ng Tay Ban Nha mau l?c, ti?ng B? đao Nha mau cam, va ti?ng Phap mau lam.

Ti?ng Tay Ban Nha va ti?ng B? đao Nha la cac ngon ng? ch? y?u c?a M? Latinh. Ti?ng B? đao Nha ch? đ??c noi t?i Brazil, song đay l?i la qu?c gia l?n nh?t va đong dan c? nh?t trong khu v?c. Ti?ng Tay Ban Nha la ngon ng? chinh th?c c?a h?u h?t cac n??c M? Latinh con l?i tren l?c đ?a, c?ng nh? t?i Cuba , Puerto Rico (cung v?i ti?ng Anh), va C?ng hoa Dominica . Ti?ng Phap đ??c noi t?i Haiti va cac t?nh h?i ngo?i c?a Phap nh? Guadeloupe , Martinique va Guyane thu?c Phap , c?ng đ?ng h?i ngo?i Saint-Martin .

Cac ngon ng? b?n đ?a chau M? đ??c noi r?ng rai ? Peru , Guatemala , Bolivia , Paraguay va Mexico , va ? m?t m?c đ? th?p h?n t?i Panama , Ecuador , Brazil , Colombia , Venezuela , Argentina , va Chile . ? cac n??c M? Latinh con l?i, s? ng??i noi cac ngon ng? b?n đ?a co xu h??ng thu nh? ho?c ngon ng? đo b? tuy?t ch?ng. Mexico co l? la qu?c gia co nhi?u ngon ng? nh?t M? Latinh. T?i Peru , ti?ng Quechua c?ng la m?t ngon ng? chinh th?c ben c?nh ti?ng Tay Ban Nha. T?i Bolivia , ti?ng Aymara , Quechua va Guarani c?ng co đ??c vai tro chinh th?c ben c?nh ti?ng Tay Ban Nha. Ti?ng Guarani , cung v?i ti?ng Tay Ban Nha, la ngon ng? chinh th?c c?a Paraguay , va đ??c ph?n l?n dan c? noi (song ng?), va ngon ng? nay c?ng co đ??c v? th? chinh th?c t?i t?nh Corrientes c?a Argentina.

Cac ngon ng? chau Au khac đ??c noi t?i M? Latinh bao g?m: ti?ng Anh b?i m?t s? nhom t?i Puerto Rico , cung cac qu?c gia co th? khong đ??c xem la thu?c vung M? Latinh nh? Belize va Guyana ; ti?ng đ?c đ??c noi ? mi?n nam Brasil, mi?n nam Chile cung nhi?u n?i ? Argentina va Paraguay ; ti?ng Y đ??c noi t?i Brazil, Argentina, va Uruguay ; ti?ng Wales đ??c noi ? mi?n nam Argentina . [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28]

Ton giao s?a

đ?i đa s? ng??i dan M? Latinh la Kito h?u , h?u h?t theo Cong giao La Ma . [29] Kho?ng 70% c? dan M? Latinh t? xem minh la ng??i Cong giao. [30] Thanh vien c?a cac giao phai Tin Lanh đang t?ng len, đ?c bi?t la ? Brasil, Panama va Venezuela.

Di c? s?a

Cac v?n đ? kinh t?, xa h?i va an ninh đa ?nh h??ng đ?n tinh tr?ng di c? c?a khu v?c trong cac th?p nien g?n đay, tr?ng tam la s? thay đ?i t? khu v?c nh?p c? sang khu v?c di c?. Co kho?ng 10 tri?u ng??i Mexico sinh s?ng t?i Hoa K?. [31] 28,3 tri?u ng??i M? nh?n minh co g?c Mexico theo s? li?u trong n?m 2006. [32] Theo đi?u tra dan s? Colombia vao n?m 2005, co kho?ng 3.331.107 tri?u ng??i Colombia hi?n sinh s?ng ? n??c ngoai. [33] S? ng??i Brasil sinh s?ng ? h?i ngo?i đ??c ??c tinh la kho?ng 2 tri?u ng??i. [34] M?t ??c tinh đ?a ra con s? t? 1,5 đ?n hai tri?u ng??i El Salvador sinh s?ng t?i Hoa K?. [35] Co it nh?t 1,5 tri?u ng??i Ecuador s?ng ? n??c ngoai, ch? y?u t?i Hoa K? va Tay Ban Nha. [36] Co x?p x? 1,5 tri?u ng??i C?ng hoa Dominica sinh s?ng ? n??c ngoai, ch? y?u la t?i Hoa K?. [37] Co tren 1.3 tri?u ng??i Cuba s?ng ? n??c ngoai, h?u h?t h? c? tru t?i Hoa K?. [38]

Kinh t? s?a

Dan s? va quy mo kinh t? c?a cac qu?c gia M? Latinh
Qu?c gia Dan s? [39]
(2010)
tri?u ng??i 		GDP (danh ngh?a) [40]
(2010)
tri?u đo la M? 		GDP (PPP) [41]
(2010)
tri?u đo la M?
   Argentina 40,4 472.815 756.226
   Bolivia 9,9 27.012 54.134
   Brasil 194,9 2.449.760 2.393.954
   Chile 17,1 272.119 316.516
   Colombia 46,3 378.713 500.576
   Costa Rica 4,7 44.313 57.955
   Cuba 11,3 ? ?
   C?ng hoa Dominica 9,9 59.429 98.835
   Ecuador 14,5 72.466 134.805
   El Salvador 6,2 24.421 46.050
   Guatemala 14,4 50.303 78.012
   Haiti 10,0 8.335 13.501
   Honduras 7,6 18.320 37.408
   Mexico 113,4 1.207.820 1.743.474
   Nicaragua 5,8 7.695 19.827
   Panama 3,5 34.517 55.124
   Paraguay 6,5 22.363 35.262
   Peru 29,1 184.962 322.675
   Uruguay 3,4 52.349 53.365
   Venezuela 29,0 337.433 396.848
T?ng 577,8 5.725.145 7.114.547

Th? m?c s?a

  • Azevedo, Aroldo. O Brasil e suas regioes . Sao Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1971. (ti?ng B? đao Nha)
  • Enciclopedia Barsa . Volume 4: Batraquio ? Camarao, Filipe. Rio de Janeiro: Encyclopædia Britannica do Brasil, 1987. (ti?ng B? đao Nha)
  • Coelho, Marcos Amorim. Geografia do Brasil . 4th ed. Sao Paulo: Moderna, 1996. (ti?ng B? đao Nha)
  • Galeano, Eduardo. Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent. 1973
  • Edwards, Sebastian . Left Behind: Latin America and the False Promise of Populism . University of Chicago Press, 2010.
  • Moreira, Igor A. G. O Espaco Geografico, geografia geral e do Brasil . 18. Ed. Sao Paulo: Atica, 1981. (ti?ng B? đao Nha)
  • Vesentini, Jose William. Brasil, sociedade e espaco ? Geografia do Brasil . 7th Ed. Sao Paulo: Atica, 1988. (ti?ng B? đao Nha)
  • Julio Miranda Vidal: (2007) Ciencia y tecnologia en America Latina Edicion electronica gratuita. Texto completo en http://www.eumed.net/libros/2007a/237/

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