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Bulbophyllum - Vikipediya Kontent qismiga o?tish

Bulbophyllum

Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya
Bulbophyllum
Bulbophyllum echinolabium
Ilmiy tasniflash
O?simliklar
Yuksak o?simliklar
Gulli o?simliklar
Bir urug?pallalilar
Asparagales
Orchidaceae
Epidendroideae
Dendrobieae
Bulbophyllum

Thouars , 1822 [1]
Bulbophyllum nutans

Turlar

See List of Bulbophyllum species

Sinonimlar
  • Acrochaene Lindl.
  • Adelopetalum Fitzg.
  • Anisopetalon Hook.
  • Blepharochilum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
  • Bolbophyllaria Rchb.f.
  • Bolbophyllopsis Rchb.f.
  • Bolbophyllum Spreng.
  • Bulbophyllaria S.Moore
  • Canacorchis Guillaumin
  • Carparomorchis M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
  • Chaseella Summerh.
  • Cirrhopetalum Lindl.
  • × Cirrhophyllum Anon.
  • Cochlia Blume
  • Codonosiphon Schltr.
  • Dactylorhynchus Schltr.
  • Didactyle Lindl.
  • Diphyes Blume
  • Drymoda Lindl.
  • Ephippium Blume
  • Epicranthes Blume
  • Epicrianthes Blume
  • Ferruminaria Garay , Hamer & Siegerist
  • Fruticicola (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
  • Genyorchis Schltr.
  • Hamularia Aver. & Averyanova
  • Hapalochilus (Schltr.) Senghas
  • Henosis Hook.f.
  • Hippoglossum Breda
  • Hordeanthos Szlach.
  • Hyalosema Rolfe
  • Ichthyostomum D.L.Jones, M.A.Clem. & Molloy
  • Ione Lindl.
  • Jejosephia A.N.Rao & Mani
  • Katherinea A.D.Hawkes
  • Kaurorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
  • Lepanthanthe (Schltr.) Szlach.
  • Lyraea Lindl.
  • Macrolepis A.Rich.
  • Malachadenia Lindl.
  • Mastigion Garay, Hamer & Siegerist
  • Megaclinium Lindl.
  • Monomeria Lindl.
  • Monosepalum Schltr.
  • Odontostylis Blume
  • Odontostylis Breda
  • Oncophyllum D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
  • Osyricera Blume
  • Oxysepala Wight
  • Pachyrhachis A.Rich.
  • Papulipetalum (Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
  • Pedilochilus Schltr.
  • Pelma Finet
  • Peltopus (Schltr.) Szlach. & Marg.
  • Phyllorkis Thouars
  • Rhytionanthos Garay, Hamer & Siegerist
  • Saccoglossum Schltr.
  • Sarcobodium Beer
  • Sarcopodium Lindl. & Paxton
  • Serpenticaulis M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
  • Sestochilos Breda
  • Spilorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
  • Sunipia Lindl.
  • Synarmosepalum Garay, Hamer & Siegerist
  • Tapeinoglossum Schltr.
  • Taurostalix Rchb.f.
  • Trachyrhachis (Schltr.) Szlach.
  • Trias Lindl.
  • Tribrachia Lindl.
  • Tripudianthes ( Seidenf. ) Szlach. & Kras
  • Vesicisepalum (J.J.Sm.) Garay, Hamer & Siegerist
  • Xiphizusa Rchb.f.
  • Zygoglossum Reinw.

Bulbophyllum  ? orxideyalar oilasiga mansub turkum. Bu orxideya oilasining eng katta turkumi bo?lib 2000 dan ortiq turga ega. Turkumga tegishli turlar Afrika , janubiy Osiyo , Lotin Amerikasi , G?arbiy Hindiston va Hind va Tinch okeanidagi turli orollar kabi dunyoning issiq qismlarida o?sadi [2] . Bu turkumga mansub orxideyalar daraxtlar yoki toshlar yuzasida o?rmalovchi shoxlarga osilgan ipga o?xshash tolali ildizlarga ega. Poyasi ildizpoya va psevdobulbga bo?linadi, bu xususiyat tutkumni dendrobiumdan ajratib turadi. Odatda psevdobulbning tepasida faqat bitta barg bo?ladi. Bulbophyllumni kichikroq avlodlarga ajratishga bir necha bor urinishlar qilingan, biroq ularning ko?pchiligi Tanlangan o?simlik oilalarining Butunjahon nazorat ro?yxati tomonidan qabul qilinmagan.

Tavsif [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ]

Bulbophyllum turkumiga kiruvchi o?simliklar o?sadigan sirti ustida o?rmalab o?tuvchi ipsimon yoki tolasimon ildizlarga ega epifit yoki litofit simpodial o?tlardir . Poyasi ildizpoya va psevdobulbdan iborat. Gullar psevdobulbda, odatda, uning tagidan chiqadigan shoxlanmagan novdada joylashgan. Gulbarglari qo?shilmagan [1] [3] [4] [5] .

Taksonomiya va nomlash [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ]

Bulbophyllum turkumi birinchi marta 1822-yilda Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars tomonidan Histoire particuliere des plantes orchidees recueillies sur les trois Iles Australes d’Afrique, de France, de Bourbon et de Madagascarte kitobida tasvirlangan bo?lib, unda u turkumga mansub o?n turni tasvirlab bergan [1] [6] .

Hozirda bu tur haqida 2800 dan ortiq yozuvlar mavjud. Ushbu ko?p son va uning shakllarining xilma-xilligi turkumni taksonomlar uchun katta qiyinchilik tug?diradi: 120 ta bo?lim va kichik avlodlar ro?yxatga olingan [7] .

Turkum nomi ( Bulbophyllum ) yunoncha bolbos so?zlaridan kelib chiqqan bo?lib, ?bulbs“ va phyllon  ? ?barg“ degan ma?noni anglatadi, bu esa barg o?sadigan psevdobulbalarga ishora qiladi [8] [9] .

2014-yilda Alek Pridgeon va boshqalar Drymoda turkumini Bulbophyllum bilan birlashtirishni taklif qilishdi va o?zgarish World Online Plants of Plants of World Online va Tanlangan o?simlik oilalarining Butunjahon nazorat ro?yxati tomonidan qabul qilindi [10] [11] [12] . Drymodaning oldingi turlariga D. digitata (hozirgi B. digitatum ) [13] , D. gymnopus (hozirgi B. gymnopus ) [14] , D. latisepala (hozirgi B. capillipes ) [15] , D. picta (turi turlari Drymoda , hozir B. drymoda ) [16] D. siamensis (hozirgi B. ayuthayense ) [17] .

Bo?limlar [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ]

Bulbophyllum vaginatum
Bulbophyllum corolliferum
Bulbophyllum phalaenopsis
Rasm Bo?lim Tur turlari
Acrochane Bulbophyllum kingii
Aeschynanthoides Bulbophyllum dryas
Biflorae Bulbophyllum biflorum
Bulbofilyaria Bulbophyllum bracteolatum
Brachyantha Bulbophyllum umbellatum
Braxypus Bulbophyllum maxillarioides
Cirrhopetaloides Bulbophyllum longissimum
Cirrhopetalum Bulbophyllum longiflorum
Didactyle Bulbophyllum exaltatum
Ephippium Bulbophyllum lepidum
Furvescens Bulbophyllum nagelii
Hoplandra Bulbophyllum restrepia
Hyalosema Bulbophyllum grandiflorum
Lepidorhiza Bulbophyllum amplebracteatum
Megaclinium Bulbophyllum falcatum
Micranthae Bulbophyllum micranthum
Minutissima Bulbophyllum minutissimum
Napelli Bulbophyllum napelli
Plumata Bulbophyllum plumatum
Racemosae Bulbophyllum careyanum
Trias Bulbophyllum oblongum
Xiphizusa Bulbophyllum chloropterum

Tarqalishi va o?sish joyi [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ]

Bu turning xilma-xillik markazi Papua-Yangi Gvineyaning tog?li o?rmonlarida (600 dan ortiq tur) joylashgan [18] . 200 tur Borneoda , Hindistonda , Madagaskarda (135 turi bilan, ba?zilari endemik), Afrikada , markaziy va Janubiy Amerika tropik o?rmonlarda o?sadi [19] .

Tik va osilgan to?pgullar psevdobulbning tagidan lateral tarzda paydo bo?ladi. Gul shakli bu turni aniqlashga xizmat qiluvchi asosiy tuzilish rejasiga ega. Ammo bu shakl juda xilma-xil bo?lishi mumkin : qo?shma yoki yakka, bir necha gulli, resupinat gullari spiral yoki ikki vertikal qatorda joylashgan. Ular ko?pincha tukli yoki qo?pol bo?ladi. Ikki-to?rtta qattiq va mumsimon polliniyalar mavjud. Mevalari ko?sak shaklda [20] .

Ekologiya [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ]

Changlanish [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ]

Ko?pgina Bulbophyllum turlari chirigan go?sht hidiga ega. Hid chivinlarni jalb qiladi [21] Shunga qaramay, ba?zi turlar yumshoq va yoqimli gulli hidga ega bo?lgan ba?zi turlar meva pashshalarini jalb qiladi [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] .

Bog?dorchilikda foydalanish [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ]

O?simliklar yaxshi havo harakati bilan birgalikda yuqori namlikni talab qiladi va ularning aksariyati yil davomida uzluksiz gullaydi. Ular o?rtacha yorug?lik darajasida yaxshi o?sadi, lekin chuqur soyada o?smaydi. Ularni yetishtirish qiyin hisoblanadi va ma?lum darajada muvaffaqiyatga erishish uchun nazorat ostidagi muhitni talab qiladi. Ular odatda uy o?simliklari sifatida o?stirish uchun mos kelmaydi va ko?plari yetarli havo harakatini qabul qilmasa rivojlana olmaydi.

Bu turning ba?zi turlari juda katta bo?lishi mumkin, lekin ko?pchilik issiq, nam, nam tropik o?rmonlardan kichik va o?rta o?lchamdagi epifitlardir . Ular qisqa muddatlarda quruqlikka chidashlari mumkin, ammo ular doimo nam sharoitlarni talab qiladigan nozik ildiz tizimiga ega [27] .

Kichikroq turlarning ba?zilari kichik diametrli po?stloq substratli qozonlarda yaxshi o?sadi. O?simliklar odatda juda nozik ildiz hosil qiladi va ildizlar osongina shikastlanadi. Ushbu turlarning ko?pchiligi sovuq haroratga yoki muzlashga toqat qila olmaydi [28] .

Gullar shira, siydik, qon, go?ng, o?lik go?shtga o?xshash turli xil hidlarni hosil qiladi. Ko?pchilik turlari pashshalar orqali changlanadi va pashshalar to?dalarini o?ziga tortadi. Bulbophyllum beccarii gullari o?lik fillar podasiga o?xshash hid chiqaradi [29] .

Turlar [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ]

Ba?zi turlar o?zlarining vegetativ va gulli shakllari bilan mashhur:

  • Bulbophyllum beccarii
  • Bulbophyllum barbigerum
  • Bulbophyllum falcatum
  • Bulbophyllum santosii
  • Bulbophyllum macphersonii
  • Bulbophyllum medusae

Muhofaza qilish holati [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ]

Ba?zi Bulbophyllum turlari yo?qolib ketish xavfi ostida, Jahon tabiatni muhofaza qilish ittifoqi (IUCN) tomonidan tan olingan xavf ostidagi turlar:

  • Bulbophyllum bifarium (zaif)
  • Bulbophyllum filiforme (yo?qolib ketish xavfi ostida)
  • Bulbophyllum gravidum (zaif)
  • Bulbophyllum jaapii (zaif)
  • Bulbophyllum kupense (yo?qolib ketish xavfi ostida)
  • Bulbophyllum modicum (xavf ostida)
  • Bulbophyllum nigericum (zaif)
  • Bulbophyllum pandanetorum (xavf ostida)
  • Bulbophyllum rubrolabellum (yo?qolib ketish xavfi ostida)
  • Bulbophyllum tokioi (yo?qolib ketish xavfi ostida)

Galereya [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ]

Manbalar [ tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash ]

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 ? Bulbophyllum “ . World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .
  2. ↑ David G. Frodin (2004). ?History and concepts of big plant genera“. Taxon . 53-jild, № 3. 753?776-bet. doi : 10.2307/4135449 . JSTOR   4135449 .
  3. ↑ Weston. ?Genus Bulbophyllum “ . Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Qaraldi: 5-dekabr 2018-yil.
  4. ↑ ? Bulbophyllum “ . Australian National Botanic Gardens. 2018-yil 5-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan . Qaraldi: 5-dekabr 2018-yil.
  5. ↑ Dressler, Robert L. . The Orchids, Natural History and Classification , 1990. ISBN  0-674-87526-5 .  
  6. ↑ Thouars, Louis-Marie . Histoire particuliere des plantes orchidees recueillies sur les trois Iles Australes d'Afrique, de France, de Bourbon et de Madagascar , Paris, 1822 — 93?110 bet. DOI : 10.5962/bhl.title.492 . 2018-yil 5-dekabrda qaraldi.  
  7. ↑ Dressler, Robert L. . The Orchids, Natural History and Classification , 1990. ISBN  0-674-87526-5 .  
  8. ↑ Quattrocchi, Umberto . CRC world dictionary of plant names : common names, scientific names, eponyms, synonyms, and etymology . Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2000 — 372 bet. ISBN  0849326753 .  
  9. ↑ Dressler, Robert L. . The Orchids, Natural History and Classification , 1990. ISBN  0-674-87526-5 .  
  10. ↑ ? Drymoda “ . Plants of the World Online. Qaraldi: 18-iyul 2021-yil.
  11. ↑ ? Drymoda “ . World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Qaraldi: 18-iyul 2021-yil.
  12. ↑ Chase, Mark W.; Cameron, Kenneth M.; Freudenstein, John V.; Pridgeon, Alec M.; Salazar, Gerardo; van den Berg, Cassio; Schuiteman, Andre (2015). ?An updated classification of Orchidaceae“. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society . 177-jild, № 2. 151?174-bet. doi : 10.1111/boj.12234 .
  13. ↑ ? Drymoda digitata “ . Plants of the World Online. Qaraldi: 18-iyul 2021-yil.
  14. ↑ ? Drymoda gymnopus “ . Plants of the World Online. Qaraldi: 18-iyul 2021-yil.
  15. ↑ ? Drymoda latisepala “ . Plants of the World Online. Qaraldi: 18-iyul 2021-yil.
  16. ↑ ? Drymoda picta “ . Plants of the World Online. Qaraldi: 18-iyul 2021-yil.
  17. ↑ ? Drymoda siamensis “ . Plants of the World Online. Qaraldi: 18-iyul 2021-yil.
  18. ↑ Emly S. Siegerist . Bulbophyllums and their allies: a grower's guide . Portland (OR): Timber Press, 2001. ISBN  978-0-88192-506-7 .  
  19. ↑ Dressler, Robert L. . The Orchids, Natural History and Classification , 1990. ISBN  0-674-87526-5 .  
  20. ↑ Dressler, Robert L. . The Orchids, Natural History and Classification , 1990. ISBN  0-674-87526-5 .  
  21. ↑ Dressler, Robert L. . The Orchids, Natural History and Classification , 1990. ISBN  0-674-87526-5 .  
  22. ↑ Tan, Keng-Hong; Nishida, Ritsuo (2000). ?Mutual reproductive benefits between a wild orchid, Bulbophyllum patens, and Bactrocera fruit flies via a floral synomone“. Journal of Chemical Ecology . 26-jild, № 2. 533?546-bet. doi : 10.1023/A:1005477926244 .
  23. ↑ Tan, Keng-Hong; Nishida, R (2005-yil mart). ?Synomone or kairomone?--Bulbophyllum apertum flower releases raspberry ketone to attract Bactrocera fruit flies“. Journal of Chemical Ecology . 31-jild, № 3. 497?507-bet. doi : 10.1007/s10886-005-2023-8 . PMID   15898497 . {{ cite magazine }} : sana kiritilishi kerak bo?lgan parametrga berilgan qiymatni tekshirish lozim: |date= ( yordam )
  24. ↑ Tan, Keng Hong; Tan, Lin Tze; Nishida, Ritsuo (3?noyabr 2006?yil). ?Floral Phenylpropanoid Cocktail and Architecture of Bulbophyllum vinaceum Orchid in Attracting Fruit Flies for Pollination“. Journal of Chemical Ecology . 32-jild, № 11. 2429?2441-bet. doi : 10.1007/s10886-006-9154-4 . PMID   17082990 . {{ cite magazine }} : CS1 maint: date format ()
  25. ↑ Tan, K.H. (2009). ?Fruit fly pests as pollinators of wild orchids“. Orchid Digest . 73-jild, № 3. 180?187-bet.
  26. ↑ Nakahira, Masataka; Ono, Hajime; Wee, Suk Ling; Tan, Keng Hong; Nishida, Ritsuo (2018-yil dekabr). ?Floral synomone diversification of Bulbophyllum sibling species (Orchidaceae) in attracting fruit fly pollinators“. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology . 81-jild. 86?95-bet. doi : 10.1016/j.bse.2018.10.002 . {{ cite magazine }} : sana kiritilishi kerak bo?lgan parametrga berilgan qiymatni tekshirish lozim: |date= ( yordam )
  27. ↑ Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids ISBN  0-88192-267-6
  28. ↑ Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids ISBN  0-88192-267-6 ISBN   0-88192-267-6
  29. ↑ Illustrated Encyclopedia of Orchids ISBN  0-88192-267-6 ISBN   0-88192-267-6 
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