?????

?????
??? ???????
?????? ???	Psicaine, Delcaine, Ensan Cocaine [ ????? ????? ]
?? ??? ??? ??? / Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
??? ; ????	US : C (Risk not ruled out) ; ;
?????? ; ??? ????	Physical : none ; Psychological : High ;
?? ; ??? ????	High
?????	Topical ? ????? ????? ? insufflation ? intravenous
Drug class	CNS stimulant ; Local anesthetic ;
?? ?? ?? ???	N01BC01 ( WHO ) R02 AD03 ? S01 HA01 ? S02 DA02 ;
?????? ?????
?????? ?????	AU : S8 (Controlled) ; CA : Schedule I ; DE : Anlage III (Prescription only) ; NZ : Class A ; UK : Class A ; US : Schedule II ; UN : Narcotic Schedules I and III ;
??? ?? ??? ? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????
????? ??? ?????	????? ????? : 33% ; insufflated : 60 ?80% ; Nasal spray : 25 ?43% ;
????	??? CYP3A4
Onset of action	seconds to minutes
Biological half-life	1 hour
Duration of action	5 to 90 minutes
Excretion	Kidney
????? ?????
	??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? Methyl (1 R ?2 R ?3 S ?5 S )-3-(benzoyloxy)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate ;
????????	Benzoylmethylecgonine, coke
?? ?? ??? ????	50-36-2 ; 53-21-4 ;
????? CID	446220 ;
??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??/?? ?? ???	2286 ;
??? ???	DB00907 ;
??? ???????	10194104 ;
?? ??? ??? ???	I5Y540LHVR ;
?? ?? ?? ??	D00110 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:27958 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL370805 ;
?? ?? ?? ligand	COC ( PDBe , RCSB PDB ) ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.030
??????? ? ???? ???????
???????	C 17 H 21 N O 4
???? ????	303.353 g/mol
?? ??? ???? ( Jmol )	Interactive image ;
???? ??????	98 °C (208 °F)
???? ??????	187 °C (369 °F)
???? ??? ?? ?????	~1.8 mg/mL (20 °C)
	??????? CN1[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(OC)=O)[C@@H](OC(C3=CC=CC=C3)=O)C2 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18-12-8-9-13(18)15(17(20)21-2)14(10-12)22-16(19)11-6-4-3-5-7-11/h3-7,12-15H,8-10H2,1-2H3/t12-?13+?14-?15+/m0/s1 ; Key:ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N ;
(what is this?) (????? ????)

????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? (?????) ?? ????(?????) ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???

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????? ??? [ ????? ]

^ ^? ^? K Fattinger? NL Benowitz? RT Jones? D Verotta (2000)? "Nasal mucosal versus gastrointestinal absorption of nasally administered cocaine" ? Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol.? 56 (4): 305?10? PMID 10954344 ? doi : 10.1007/s002280000147
↑ G Barnett? R Hawks? R Resnick (1981)? "Cocaine pharmacokinetics in humans"? J Ethnopharmacol? 3 (2?3): 353?66? PMID 7242115 ? doi : 10.1016/0378-8741(81)90063-5
↑ AR Jeffcoat? M Perez-Reyes? JM Hill? BM Sadler? CE Cook (1989)? "Cocaine disposition in humans after intravenous injection, nasal insufflation (snorting)? or smoking"? Drug Metab. Dispos.? 17 (2): 153?9? PMID 2565204
↑ P Wilkinson? C Van Dyke? P Jatlow? P Barash? R Byck (1980)? "Intranasal and oral cocaine kinetics" ? Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.? 27 (3): 386?94? PMID 7357795 ? doi : 10.1038/clpt.1980.52
^ ^? ^?
↑ RC Malenka? EJ Nestler? SE Hyman (2009)? "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders"? $1 ??? A Sydor? RY Brown? Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ??????)? New York: McGraw-Hill Medical? ????: 367 ? ISBN 978-0-07-148127-4 ? While physical dependence and withdrawal occur with some drugs of abuse (opiates, ethanol)? these phenomena are not useful in the diagnosis of addiction because they do not occur with other drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamine) and can occur with many drugs that are not abused (propranolol, clonidine)?
↑ Hamid Ghodse (2010)? Ghodse's Drugs and Addictive Behaviour: A Guide to Treatment (4 ??????)? Cambridge University Press? ????: 91? ISBN 978-1-139-48567-8 ? 10 ????? 2017 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???
↑ Introduction to Pharmacology Third Edition ? Abingdon: CRC Press? 2007? ????: 222?223? ISBN 978-1-4200-4742-4
↑ "DEA / Drug Scheduling" ? www.dea.gov? 9 ???? 2017 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 7 ???? 2017

?????? ????? [ ????? ]

????? ??? ??? ???? ??????

?????:Euphoriants ?????:Stimulants ?????:Local anesthetics

?????:Ion channel modulators ?????:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors ?????:Sigma receptor modulators

[fattinger2000-1] ? ^? K Fattinger? NL Benowitz? RT Jones? D Verotta (2000)? "Nasal mucosal versus gastrointestinal absorption of nasally administered cocaine" ? Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol.? 56 (4): 305?10? PMID 10954344 ? doi : 10.1007/s002280000147

[2] G Barnett? R Hawks? R Resnick (1981)? "Cocaine pharmacokinetics in humans"? J Ethnopharmacol? 3 (2?3): 353?66? PMID 7242115 ? doi : 10.1016/0378-8741(81)90063-5

[3] AR Jeffcoat? M Perez-Reyes? JM Hill? BM Sadler? CE Cook (1989)? "Cocaine disposition in humans after intravenous injection, nasal insufflation (snorting)? or smoking"? Drug Metab. Dispos.? 17 (2): 153?9? PMID 2565204

[4] P Wilkinson? C Van Dyke? P Jatlow? P Barash? R Byck (1980)? "Intranasal and oral cocaine kinetics" ? Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.? 27 (3): 386?94? PMID 7357795 ? doi : 10.1038/clpt.1980.52

[Zim2012-5] ? ^?

[6] RC Malenka? EJ Nestler? SE Hyman (2009)? "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders"? $1 ??? A Sydor? RY Brown? Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ??????)? New York: McGraw-Hill Medical? ????: 367 ? ISBN 978-0-07-148127-4 ? While physical dependence and withdrawal occur with some drugs of abuse (opiates, ethanol)? these phenomena are not useful in the diagnosis of addiction because they do not occur with other drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamine) and can occur with many drugs that are not abused (propranolol, clonidine)?

[Gho2010-7] Hamid Ghodse (2010)? Ghodse's Drugs and Addictive Behaviour: A Guide to Treatment (4 ??????)? Cambridge University Press? ????: 91? ISBN 978-1-139-48567-8 ? 10 ????? 2017 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???

[8] Introduction to Pharmacology Third Edition ? Abingdon: CRC Press? 2007? ????: 222?223? ISBN 978-1-4200-4742-4

[DEA2017Sched-9] "DEA / Drug Scheduling" ? www.dea.gov? 9 ???? 2017 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 7 ???? 2017

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??????	Aconitine Atropine ????? Coniine Hyoscine Δ9-THC Hyoscyamine ?????? ????????? ?????