?????? ?? ????

??? ????? (Voivodeship) ( ???? : wojewodztwo )? (????: [v?j??vut?stf?] ; ???: wojewodztwa ) ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? "' ???? "' ?? ?????? ???? ^[1]^[2]^[3]

????? [ ????? ]

**?????? ?? ???? 1999**
????	???	??? ????	????	??????? ???	??? ??????? ???	???? (???????²)	????? (????? 31, 2012)	????? ?? ???????²
DS	02	D	????? ???????	dolno?l?skie	????????	19,947	2,914,362	146
KP	04	C	??????-????????	kujawsko-pomorskie	?????????? ¹, ?????? ²	17,972	2,096,404	117
LU	06	L	??????	lubelskie	??????	25,122	2,165,651	86
LB	08	F	?????	lubuskie	?????? ??????????? ¹, ?????? ???? ²	13,988	1,023,317	73
LD	10	E	???	łodzkie	????	18,219	2,524,651	139
MA	12	K	???? ??????	małopolskie	??????	15,183	3,354,077	221
MZ	14	W	???????	mazowieckie	?????	35,558	5,301,760	149
OP	16	O	??????	opolskie	??????	9,412	1,010,203	107
PK	18	R	???????????	podkarpackie	?????	17,846	2,129,951	119
PD	20	B	?????????	podlaskie	?????????	20,187	1,198,690	59
PM	22	G	????????	pomorskie	??????	18,310	2,290,070	125
SL	24	S	???????	?l?skie	????????	12,333	4,615,870	374
SK	26	T	?????????????	?wi?tokrzyskie	???????	11,711	1,273,995	109
WN	28	N	??????-???????	warmi?sko-mazurskie	??????	24,173	1,450,697	60
WP	30	P	???? ??????	wielkopolskie	??????	29,826	3,462,196	116
ZP	32	Z	????? ????????	zachodniopomorskie	??????	22,892	1,721,405	75
( ¹ ) Seat of voivode. ( ² ) Seat of sejmik and marszałek.

????? ??? [ ????? ]

↑
The word "voivodeship", as an equivalent for " wojewodztwo ", appears in some large English dictionaries such as the OED and Webster's Third New International Dictionary but is not in common English usage. Hence the word "province" is a recommended translation: " Jednostki podziału administracyjnego Polski tłumaczymy tak: wojewodztwo ?province..." ("Polish administrative units are translated as follows: wojewodztwo ? ???? ..."). Arkadiusz Belczyk, "Tłumaczenie polskich nazw geograficznych na j?zyk angielski" ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? serwistlumacza.com (Error: unknown archive URL) (" ????? of Polish Geographical Names into English"), 2002-2006. Examples: New Provinces of Poland (1998) ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? staff.amu.edu.pl (Error: unknown archive URL) , Map of Poland ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? map-of-poland.co.uk (Error: unknown archive URL) , English names of Polish provinces ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? serwistlumacza.com (Error: unknown archive URL) . More examples:
- "Following the reform of the administrative structure in 1973-1975, the number of provinces ( wojewodztwa ) was increased from 22 to 49... [I]ncreasing the number of provinces meant the reduction of each in size. In this way Warsaw was able to dilute the political importance of the provincial party chiefs." "Poland", The Encyclopedia Americana , 1986, volume 22, p. 312.
- "Poland is divided into 49 provinces ." "Poland", The Columbia Encyclopedia , sixth edition, edited by Paul Lagasse, Columbia University Press , 2000, p. 2256.
- "Local government in Poland is organized on three levels. The largest units, at the regional level, are the wojewodztwa ( provinces )..." "Poland", ????? ??????? ????????? , 15th edition, 2010, Macropaedia , volume 25, p. 937.
- " GOVERNMENT ... Administrative divisions : 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular?wojewodztwo)..." "Poland," in ?? ??? ?? , ???? ????? ???? 2010 , New York, Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2009, ISBN 978-1-60239-727-9 , p. 546. The same information appears in the current online CIA World Factbook --> "Poland --> Administrative divisions". ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? cia.gov (Error: unknown archive URL) Note that in this source, where "English translations" of province names are given, they are in the ??? ("Silesia"), not the ??? ??? ("Silesia n "), form.
- Professor Paul Best, of ???? ???????? ????? ????????? , writes: "[I]n standard dictionaries the Polish word [ wojewodztwo ] is translated as 'province.'" Paul Best, review of Bogdan Horbal, Lemko Studies: A Handbook (2010), in The Polish Review , vol. 58, no. 4 (2013), pp. 125?26.
↑ The word " wojewodztwo " is also rendered as " voivodeship " or a variant spelling.
↑ Alternate English renderings include "voivodship," "voi e vodship," "voi e vod e ship" and " w oi w odship".

[1] The word "voivodeship", as an equivalent for " wojewodztwo ", appears in some large English dictionaries such as the OED and Webster's Third New International Dictionary but is not in common English usage. Hence the word "province" is a recommended translation: " Jednostki podziału administracyjnego Polski tłumaczymy tak: wojewodztwo ?province..." ("Polish administrative units are translated as follows: wojewodztwo ? ???? ..."). Arkadiusz Belczyk, "Tłumaczenie polskich nazw geograficznych na j?zyk angielski" ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? serwistlumacza.com (Error: unknown archive URL) (" ????? of Polish Geographical Names into English"), 2002-2006. Examples: New Provinces of Poland (1998) ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? staff.amu.edu.pl (Error: unknown archive URL) , Map of Poland ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? map-of-poland.co.uk (Error: unknown archive URL) , English names of Polish provinces ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? serwistlumacza.com (Error: unknown archive URL) . More examples:
"Following the reform of the administrative structure in 1973-1975, the number of provinces ( wojewodztwa ) was increased from 22 to 49... [I]ncreasing the number of provinces meant the reduction of each in size. In this way Warsaw was able to dilute the political importance of the provincial party chiefs." "Poland", The Encyclopedia Americana , 1986, volume 22, p. 312.

"Poland is divided into 49 provinces ." "Poland", The Columbia Encyclopedia , sixth edition, edited by Paul Lagasse, Columbia University Press , 2000, p. 2256.

"Local government in Poland is organized on three levels. The largest units, at the regional level, are the wojewodztwa ( provinces )..." "Poland", ????? ??????? ????????? , 15th edition, 2010, Macropaedia , volume 25, p. 937.

" GOVERNMENT ... Administrative divisions : 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular?wojewodztwo)..." "Poland," in ?? ??? ?? , ???? ????? ???? 2010 , New York, Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2009, ISBN 978-1-60239-727-9 , p. 546. The same information appears in the current online CIA World Factbook --> "Poland --> Administrative divisions". ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? cia.gov (Error: unknown archive URL) Note that in this source, where "English translations" of province names are given, they are in the ??? ("Silesia"), not the ??? ??? ("Silesia n "), form.

Professor Paul Best, of ???? ???????? ????? ????????? , writes: "[I]n standard dictionaries the Polish word [ wojewodztwo ] is translated as 'province.'" Paul Best, review of Bogdan Horbal, Lemko Studies: A Handbook (2010), in The Polish Review , vol. 58, no. 4 (2013), pp. 125?26.

[2] "Following the reform of the administrative structure in 1973-1975, the number of provinces ( wojewodztwa ) was increased from 22 to 49... [I]ncreasing the number of provinces meant the reduction of each in size. In this way Warsaw was able to dilute the political importance of the provincial party chiefs." "Poland", The Encyclopedia Americana , 1986, volume 22, p. 312.

[3] "Poland is divided into 49 provinces ." "Poland", The Columbia Encyclopedia , sixth edition, edited by Paul Lagasse, Columbia University Press , 2000, p. 2256.

[4] "Local government in Poland is organized on three levels. The largest units, at the regional level, are the wojewodztwa ( provinces )..." "Poland", ????? ??????? ????????? , 15th edition, 2010, Macropaedia , volume 25, p. 937.

[5] " GOVERNMENT ... Administrative divisions : 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular?wojewodztwo)..." "Poland," in ?? ??? ?? , ???? ????? ???? 2010 , New York, Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 2009, ISBN 978-1-60239-727-9 , p. 546. The same information appears in the current online CIA World Factbook --> "Poland --> Administrative divisions". ??????? ??? (Date missing) ?????? cia.gov (Error: unknown archive URL) Note that in this source, where "English translations" of province names are given, they are in the ??? ("Silesia"), not the ??? ??? ("Silesia n "), form.

[6] Professor Paul Best, of ???? ???????? ????? ????????? , writes: "[I]n standard dictionaries the Polish word [ wojewodztwo ] is translated as 'province.'" Paul Best, review of Bogdan Horbal, Lemko Studies: A Handbook (2010), in The Polish Review , vol. 58, no. 4 (2013), pp. 125?26.

[2] The word " wojewodztwo " is also rendered as " voivodeship " or a variant spelling.

[3] Alternate English renderings include "voivodship," "voi e vodship," "voi e vod e ship" and " w oi w odship".

[1]

[2]

[3]

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