??? ?????

??? ????? (?. 750-1161 ?????) ^[1]^[2] ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ^[9] ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ( ?????? ??? "?????") ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? 750 ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ^[1] ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ? ????? ??? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ( ?????? )? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ^[10]

????? ??? [ ????? ]

^ ^? ^? ^? ^? R. C. Majumdar (1977)? Ancient India ? Motilal Banarsidass? ????: 268?? ISBN 978-81-208-0436-4
^ ^? ^? Sengupta 2011 , pp. 39?49.
↑ Joseph E. Schwartzberg (1978)? A Historical atlas of South Asia ? Chicago: University of Chicago Press? ????: 146, map XIV.2 (g)? ISBN 0226742210
↑ Michael C. Howard (2012)? Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies: The Role of Cross-Border Trade and Travel ? McFarland? ????: 72? ISBN 978-0-7864-9033-2
↑ Huntington 1984 , p. 56.
↑ Sengupta 2011 , p. 102.
↑ Lopamudra Maitra Bajpai (2020)? India, Sri Lanka and the SAARC Region: History, Popular Culture and Heritage ? Abingdon: Taylor & Francis? ????: 141? ISBN 978-1-00-020581-7
↑ The ?aiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of ?aivism during the Early Medieval Period. In: Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Einoo. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2009. Institute of Oriental Culture Special Series, 23, pp. 41?350.
↑ Sailendra Nath Sen (1999)? Ancient Indian History and Civilization ? New Age International? ????: 280?? ISBN 978-81-224-1198-0
↑ Satish Satish Kumar? Tushar Jha (2017)? "Contours of the Political Legitimation Strategy of the Rulers of Pala Dynasty in Bengal- Bihar (Ce 730 to Ce 1165)" ? Proceedings of the Indian History Congress? 78 : 49?58? JSTOR 26906068