?????????

?????????
?????????
	Novarupta's ?????? ???? in July 1987.
???? ???? ????
?????	2,759 ?? (841 ????)
???????
????	Katmai National Park and Preserve , ??????
????? ???	Aleutian Range
??????
??? ????	Caldera with ?????? ????
???? ????	June to October 1912

????????? ( ??????? : Novarupta) ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ^[1]

??????? [ ????? ]

????????? ?? ?????? ????? 840.95 ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???

??? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????

??? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????