??????? ?????? ?????

??????? ?????? ????? ; Malayan Emergency ; Darurat Malaya ; 馬來亞緊急狀態
	????? the decolonisation of Asia and the ??? ???
	; Australian Avro Lincoln bomber dropping 500lb bombs on communist rebels in the Malayan jungle ( ? 1950 )
?????	16 ??? 1948 ? 12 ?????? 1960 ; ( ??? ??? ??????:Age ??? 521 ??? ??: attempt to concatenate local 'last' (a nil value)? )
????	???? ????? ??? ? ???? ????? ?????
?????	British/Commonwealth victory
????? ; ????????	Independence of ???? ????? on 31 ???? 1957
???????
???? ?????? ????? ?????: ; ????? ????? ???? ????? ; ????? ?????? ; (??? 1953) ; ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ; (??? 1953) ; Fiji ; ???????? ; ????? ???? ; ????? ??: ; ????? ???? ; (Thai?Malaysian border)	??????? ?????: ; Malayan Communist Party Malayan National Liberation Army ; ????? ??: ; ??? ; ??? ??? ; (until 1954) ; ????? ??? ??? ; (from 1954) ; ????? ????? ; ?????????
???? ??? ??? ?????
?????? ????? ; (until 1951) ; ????? ???? ; (1951?1955) ; ?? ??????? ???? ; (1955?1957) ; Harold Macmillan ; (1957?1960) ; Harold Briggs ; Roy Urquhart ; Edward Gent ; Henry Gurney ? ; Gerald Templer ; ????? ?????????? ; Robert Menzies ; Henry Wells ; Sidney Holland ; (1951?1957) ; Walter Nash ; (1957?1960) ????????? ????????? ; Plaek Phibunsongkhram ; (until 1958) ; Thanom Kittikachorn ; (1958) ; Sarit Thanarat ; (from 1958)	Chin Peng ; Abdullah CD ; Rashid Maidin ; Shamsiah Fakeh ; S. A. Ganapathy ; Lau Yew ? ; Yeung Kwo ? ; Lau Lee
????
250,000 Malayan Home Guard (Malayan Regiment) troops ; 40,000 regular ???? ?????? ????? personnel King's African Rifles ; Gurkha regiments ; 37,000 Special Constable s ; 24,000 Federation Police	Up to 150,000 Min Yuen (around 20,000 according to National Geographic documentary titled "Malayan Emergency, the Undeclared Civil War") [ ????? ????? ] 8,000 MNLA troops ;
??????? ??? ???????
????: 1,346 ?????? ???? ??? ????? ; 519 ??????? ???? ?????? ; ????: 2,406 ?????? ??? ??????? ??? / ?????	????: 6,710 ; ????: 1,289 ; ??????: 1,287 ; ?????? ??? ???: 2,702
	???? ???????: 5,000

??????? ?????? ????? ( ??????? : Malayan Emergency) ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1948? ?? 1960? ?? ??? ????

????? ??? [ ????? ]

↑ John W. Garver (1 ????? 2015)? China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China ? Oxford University Press? ????: 219?? ISBN 978-0-19-026106-1
^ ^? ^? A. Dahana (2002)? "China Role's in Indonesia's "Crush Malaysia" Campaign" ? Universitas Indonesia? 19 ?????? 2016 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 19 ?????? 2016
^ ^? ^? ^? Mohd. Noor Mat Yazid (2013)? "Malaysia-Indonesia Relations Before and After 1965: Impact on Bilateral and Regional Stability" (PDF) ? Programme of International Relations, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah? 19 ?????? 2016 ??? ??? (PDF) ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 19 ?????? 2016
↑ Ching Fatt Yong (1997)? The origins of Malayan communism ? South Seas Society? ISBN 978-9971-936-12-9
↑ T. N. Harper? Timothy Norman Harper (9 ????? 2001)? The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya ? Cambridge University Press? ISBN 978-0-521-00465-7
↑ Major James M. Kimbrough IV (6 ????? 2015)? Disengaging From Insurgencies: Insights From History And Implications For Afghanistan ? Pickle Partners Publishing? ????: 88?? ISBN 978-1-78625-345-3
↑ Geoffrey Jukes (1 ????? 1973)? The Soviet Union in Asia ? University of California Press? ????: 302?? ISBN 978-0-520-02393-2

[1] John W. Garver (1 ????? 2015)? China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic of China ? Oxford University Press? ????: 219?? ISBN 978-0-19-026106-1

[role-2] ? ^? A. Dahana (2002)? "China Role's in Indonesia's "Crush Malaysia" Campaign" ? Universitas Indonesia? 19 ?????? 2016 ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 19 ?????? 2016

[support-3] ? ^? ^? Mohd. Noor Mat Yazid (2013)? "Malaysia-Indonesia Relations Before and After 1965: Impact on Bilateral and Regional Stability" (PDF) ? Programme of International Relations, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah? 19 ?????? 2016 ??? ??? (PDF) ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? 19 ?????? 2016

[4] Ching Fatt Yong (1997)? The origins of Malayan communism ? South Seas Society? ISBN 978-9971-936-12-9

[5] T. N. Harper? Timothy Norman Harper (9 ????? 2001)? The End of Empire and the Making of Malaya ? Cambridge University Press? ISBN 978-0-521-00465-7

[6] Major James M. Kimbrough IV (6 ????? 2015)? Disengaging From Insurgencies: Insights From History And Implications For Afghanistan ? Pickle Partners Publishing? ????: 88?? ISBN 978-1-78625-345-3

[7] Geoffrey Jukes (1 ????? 1973)? The Soviet Union in Asia ? University of California Press? ????: 302?? ISBN 978-0-520-02393-2

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