???? ????? ???????? ????????? ??
???
????
?
????
???
????
????? ?? ?????
?????
?? ???? ??? ???? ???
????
??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????
Poaceae
???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????
???
? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????
????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????
[1]
??????? 8,000 ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????
??
??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????
?????
???
????? ??????
?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????
???????
[
?????
]
??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? 1961?
[2]
2010? 2011? 2012 ??? 2013? ??? 2013 ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???
[3]
| ???
|
???? ???? ??? ???????? (???? ????? ?? ???)
|
?????
|
| 2013
|
2012
|
2011
|
2010
|
1961
|
| ????
(????)
|
1016
|
872
|
888
|
851
|
205
|
A staple food of people in the Americas, Africa, and of
?????
worldwide; often called corn in North America, Australia, and New Zealand. A large portion of maize crops are grown for purposes other than human consumption. It can also be used for indirect human consumption through the production of the
Mexican truffle
.
|
| ????
[4]
|
745
|
720
|
725
|
703
|
285
|
The primary cereal of tropical and some temperate regions.
Staple food
in most of
??????
(both maize and manioc/
??????
were once more important and its presence is still stronger in some areas), other parts of
?????? ??????
and some other Portuguese-descended cultures, parts of Africa (even more before the
Columbian exchange
), most of
????? ??????
and the
???? ????
. Largely overridden by
breadfruit
(a dicot tree) during the South Pacific's part of the
Austronesian
expansion.
|
| ????
|
713
|
671
|
699
|
650
|
222
|
The primary cereal of temperate regions. It has a worldwide consumption but it is a staple food of North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, most of the
????? ?????
and much of the
???? ???? ?????
.
Wheat gluten
-based meat substitutes are important in the Far East (albeit less than
tofu
) and said to resemble meat texture more than others.
|
| ??
|
144
|
133
|
133
|
124
|
72
|
Grown for
malt
ing and
?????
on land too poor or too cold for wheat.
|
| ????
|
61
|
57
|
58
|
60
|
41
|
Important staple food in Asia and Africa and popular worldwide for livestock.
|
| ?????
|
30
|
30
|
27
|
33
|
26
|
A group of similar but distinct cereals that form an important staple food in Asia and Africa.
|
| ???
|
23
|
21
|
22
|
20
|
50
|
Popular worldwide as a breakfast food and livestock feed. In human consumption, oats can be served as
porridge
as
oatmeal
,
[5]
although oats could be eaten various different forms other than
rolled oats
, including unprocessed oats.
[5]
[6]
Oats are commonly mixed with
????
s in exercise-intensive diets.
[7]
|
| ????
|
16
|
15
|
13
|
12
|
12
|
???? ?? ???? ??? ????
|
| ???? ????
|
14.5
|
14
|
13
|
14
|
35
|
Hybrid
of wheat and rye, grown similarly to rye.
|
| ???? ????
|
2.5
|
2.3
|
2.3
|
1.4
|
2.5
|
A
pseudocereal
, as it is in the
Polygonaceae
family, not Poaceae, used in
???????
and to a minor degree the United States and Brazil. Major uses include various pancakes,
groats
and noodle production.
|
| ?????
|
0.6
|
0.59
|
0.59
|
0.57
|
0.18
|
Several varieties are grown as food crops in Africa.
|
| Quinoa
|
0.10
|
0.08
|
0.08
|
0.08
|
0.03
|
Pseudocereal, traditional to the
????? ??? ?????
, but increasingly popular elsewhere.
|
????? ???
[
?????
]
?????? ?????
[
?????
]
????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???
 |
???? ????? ??
???
?? ????? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?????
|
 |
???
?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????
|
